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Phonemic inventory

Consonants
Labial      Laminal
alveolar      Laminal
alveolar
sibilant      Retroflex      Retroflex
sibilant      Palatalised
alveopal.      Palatalised
alveopal.
sibilant      Palatal      Velar      Rounded
velar      Fronted
pharyng.
velar      Uvular
Nasal            m               n̻                              ɳ                                                                           ŋ                              ŋˤ̟               ɴ   
Prenasalised stop            mb   mɓ̰            nd̻   nɗ̰̻                           ɳɖ   ɳɗ̰                           nd͡ð̱ʲ   nɗ̱̰ʲ                                          ŋg   ŋɠ̰                           ŋgˤ̟   ŋɠ̰ˤ̟            ɴɢ   ɴʛ̰
Stop      p   pʼ      ɓ̰      t̻   tʼ̻      ɗ̰̻         t͡sʼ̻            ʈ   ʈʼ      ɗ̢̰         ʈ͡ʂʼ            t͡θ̱ʲ   t͡θ̱ʼʲ               t͡ɕʼ               cʼ            k   kʼ               kʼʷ            kˤ̟   kʼˤ̟            q   qʼ      
Fricative      f                              s̻                              ʂ                              ɕ                                                                                    
Approximant                           l̻                              ɭ                                                            j                              w                                 

Vowels
Front      Central      Back
High      i            u
Mid-high      e            o
Low            a      
Syllable structure

(C)V

C: a consonant
V: a vowel

Allophony

Non-glottalised voiceless stops [p ʈ kˤ̟ ...] become aspirated [pʰ ʈʰ kʰˤ̟ ...] before a voiceless fricative.
Alveopalatal stops [nɗ̱̰ʲ t͡θ̱ʼʲ t͡θ̱ʰʲ ...] persistently become non-affricate non-coronal palatal [ɲʄ̰ cʼ cʰ ...] before a palatal stop.
Non-pharyngealised non-retroflex coronal consonants [n̻ t̻ t͡θ̱ʲ ...] assimilate in palatalisation to a following high tense vowel or semivowel.
Non-front vowels [u o a] become retroflex [ʉ˞ ɵ˞ a˞] before a retroflex consonant. Vowels other than [a] become central.
High vowels and semivowels [j w ʉ˞ ...] persistently become non-high [e̯ o̯ ɵ˞ ...] after a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
Non-retroflex coronal consonants [n̻ tʰʲ̻ t͡θ̱ʼ ...] become retroflex [ɳ̻ ʈʰ̻ ʈ͡θʼ ...] after a retroflex consonant. Palatalised consonants become non-front.
Non-retroflex coronal consonants [n̻ tʰʲ̻ t͡θ̱ʼ ...] persistently become retroflex [ɳ̻ ʈʰ̻ ʈ͡θʼ ...] after a retroflex consonant. Palatalised consonants become non-front.
Non-sibilant coronal coronal nasals [n̻ nʲ̻ ɳ̻ ɳ] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
Non-glottalised consonants [m ŋgˤ̟ nd͡ð̱ʲ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent. After a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal; prenasalised stops become non-prenasalised; [ṉ ṉʲ] become [t͡θ̱ t͡θ̱ʲ]. After a voiced stop, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
Obstruents other than non-prenasalised dorsal ejective stops [mb tʼʲ̻ t͡sʼ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiceless obstruent, prenasalised stops become non-prenasalised; prenasalised implosives become voiced; non-prenasalised implosives become non-implosive. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, non-implosive ejective stops become implosives; aspirated stops become unaspirated; [ʈ͡θʼ t͡θ̱ʼ t͡θ̱ʼʲ] become [ɗ̢̰̻ ɗ̱̰ ɗ̱̰ʲ].
Non-glottalised voiceless stops [pʰ ʈʰ kˤ̟ ...] assimilate in aspiration to a following obstruent or nasal.
Back vowels and semivowels [w̥ o̯̥ u ...] become central [w̟̥ ɵ̯̥ ʉ ...] before a front consonant.
Dorsal stops or nasals [ɲ ɴʛ̰ kʼʷ ...] persistently assimilate in uvularity to a following dorsal stop or nasal. Before an uvular stop or nasal, non-back stops or nasals become semivowels; pharyngealised stops or nasals become non-pharyngealised; non-implosive velar fronted stops other than [kʼˤ̟] become nasal; non-back non-glottalised voiceless stops become voiced; non-back aspirated stops become unaspirated; [ŋɠ̰ˤ̟ ɠ̰ˤ̟] become [ɘ̯ ɘ̯]; [ɲʄ̰ ʄ̰] become [e̯ e̯]; [cʼ] become [e̯]; [kʼˤ̟] become [ɘ̯].
Tense vowels and semivowels [ẽ̯ w i ...] persistently become lax [ɛ̯̃ ʊ̯ ɪ ...] before a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
Rounded stops or nasals [ŋʷ kʷ qʰʷ ...] become unrounded [ŋ k qʰ ...] before a consonant.
Obstruents other than non-implosive dorsal ejective stops [mb ɖ̻ nd͡ð̱ʲ ...] assimilate in voice to a following obstruent. Before a voiceless obstruent, prenasalised stops become non-prenasalised; non-prenasalised implosives become non-implosive; prenasalised implosives become voiced. Before a voiced obstruent, aspirated stops become unaspirated; non-implosive ejective stops become implosives; [ʈ͡θʼ t͡θ̱ʼ t͡θ̱ʼʲ] become [ɗ̢̰̻ ɗ̱̰ ɗ̱̰ʲ].
Prenasalised stops [nɗ̱̰ʲ ndʲ̻ nɗ̰̻ ...] persistently become nasal [ɗ̱̰ʲ nʲ̻ ɗ̰̻ ...] before an obstruent or nasal. Implosives become non-nasal; dorsal implosives become voiceless; affricates become nasals.
Coronal aspirated stops [tʰ̻ ʈʰ̻ ʈ͡θʰ ...] become sibilants [t͡sʰ̻ ʈ͡ʂʰ̻ ʈ͡ʂʰ̻ ...] before a high tense vowel or semivowel. Non-affricate stops become affricates.
Non-implosive obstruents [mb cʰ ʈ͡θʰ ...] assimilate in glottalisation to a preceding obstruent. After a glottalised stop, aspirated stops become unaspirated; unrounded voiced stops other than non-prenasalised dorsal stops become implosives; non-prenasalised voiced obstruents other than non-sibilant coronal stops or [b b̪] become ejective; obstruents other than stops become stops; voiced affricates become non-affricate; [b̪ f v] become [ɓ̰ pʼ pʼ].
High vowels and semivowels [j̥ ʊ̯̥̈ ʉ ...] become non-high [e̯̥ ɞ̯̥ ɵ ...] before a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
High vowels and semivowels [j̥ ʊ̯̥̈ ʉ ...] become non-high [e̯̥ ɞ̯̥ ɵ ...] before a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
Non-pharyngealised non-retroflex consonants other than uvular consonants or high semivowels [m tʲ̻ t͡sʰʲ̻ ...] assimilate in palatalisation to a following consonant. Before a front consonant, rounded stops or nasals become non-front.
Tense vowels and semivowels [ẽ̯ w i ...] persistently become lax [ɛ̯̃ ʊ̯ ɪ ...] after a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
Coronal consonants [n̻ ṯʼ t͡θ̱ʼʲ ...] persistently assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a following non-labial obstruent other than non-affricate stop or nasal. Before a palatoalveolar obstruent or nasal other than a non-affricate stop or nasal, [nd̻ ndʲ̻ ɳɖ̻ ɳɖ tʰ̻ d̻ tʰʲ̻ dʲ̻ ʈʰ̻ ɖ̻ ʈʰ ʈ ʈʼ ɖ] become [nd͡ð̱ nd͡ð̱ʲ nd͡ð̱ nd͡ð̺̱̺ t͡θ̱ʰ d͡ð̱ t͡θ̱ʰʲ d͡ð̱ʲ t͡θ̱ʰ d͡ð̱ t͡θ̺ʰ̱̺ t͡θ̺̱̺ t͡θ̺̱̺ʼ d͡ð̺̱̺]; retroflex approximant laterals become alveolar; [ɭ̥ ɭ] become [l̻̥ l̻]. Before a retroflex obstruent other than a non-affricate stop or nasal, palatalised consonants become non-front.
Non-glottalised unaspirated voiceless stops [p c t͡sʲ̻ ...] persistently become aspirated [pʰ cʰ t͡sʰʲ̻ ...] after an aspirated stop. [ṯ ṯʲ] become [t͡θ̱ʰ t͡θ̱ʰʲ].
Back vowels and semivowels [w̥ o̯̥ u ...] become central [w̟̥ ɵ̯̥ ʉ ...] before a front semivowel.
Velar or uvular fronted semivowels [ɘ̯̃ ʊ̯̥̈ ɵ̯̥ ...] persistently become velar or uvular back [ɤ̯̃ ʊ̯̥ o̯̥ ...] after a pharyngealised stop or nasal.
Unrounded vowels and semivowels [ẽ̯ ɪ̯̥ ɤ̯ ...] become rounded [ɵ̯̃ ʊ̯̥̈ o̯ ...] after a rounded consonant. Front semivowels become velar or uvular; central vowels become back.
[ẽ̯ ɛ̯̃ ɘ̯̃ ɜ̯̃ j̥ j ɪ̯̥ ɪ̯ e̯̥ e̯ ɛ̯̥ ɛ̯ ɘ̯ ɜ̯ i y ʉ ʉ˞ ɪ ʏ ʊ̈ ʊ̈˞ e ø ɵ ɵ˞ ɛ œ ɞ ɞ˞ a a˞] assimilate in frontness or palatalisation to a following consonant. Before a non-front consonant, voiceless semivowels become nasal voiced; [j ɪ̯] become [ŋ̟ ŋ̟]; [j̥ ɪ̯̥] become [ŋ̟ ŋ̟]; [ɛ̯̥] become [ɘ̯̃]. Before a front consonant, retroflex vowels become non-retroflex; low vowels become non-low.
Coronal consonants [n̻ ɗ̰ t͡ʃʰ ...] persistently assimilate in laminality to a following coronal consonant. Before an apical consonant, [ṯ ṯʼ] become [t͡θ̺̱̺ t͡θ̺̱̺ʼ].
Some words

/ʈʼaʈoju/   [ʈʼa˞ʈøju]
/qat͡θ̱ʼʲu/   [qat͡θ̱ʼu]
/t͡θ̱ʼʲuqu/   [t͡θ̱ʼuqu]
/ʂukˤ̟o/   [ʂɔkˤ̟ɔ]
/t͡θ̱ʲapaqa/   [t͡θ̱ʲapaqa]
/t͡sʼ̻and̻u/   [t͡sʼ̻and̻u]
/ŋekʼut͡θ̱ʼʲu/   [ŋɘkʼut͡θ̱ʼu]
/jaki/   [jaki]
/t͡θ̱ʲaqʼu/   [t͡θ̱ʲaqʼu]
/t͡θ̱ʲuŋa/   [t͡θ̱uŋa]
/ɓ̰i/   [ɓ̰i]
/ɳɖukʼu/   [ɳɖukʼu]
/ɳɖokˤ̟u/   [ɳɖɔkˤ̟ɔ]
/awi/   [awy]
/ŋɠ̰utʼ̻ukʼˤ̟a/   [ŋɠ̰utʼ̻ɔkʼˤ̟a]
/kʼat̻u/   [kʼat̻u]
/nd̻akʼˤ̟u/   [nd̻akʼˤ̟ɔ]
/qanɗ̱̰ʲa/   [qɛnɗ̱̰ʲa]
/qut͡ɕʼu/   [qut͡ʃʼu]
/mbiqo/   [mbɨqo]
/t͡θ̱ʲajiji/   [t͡θ̱ʲɛjiji]
/qʼuɴɢa/   [qʼuɴɢa]
/kʼaji/   [kʼɛji]
/kand͡ð̱ʲi/   [kɛnd͡ð̱ʲi]
/ŋgot͡θ̱ʼʲu/   [ŋgot͡θ̱ʼu]
/nd͡ð̱ʲapʼu/   [nd͡ð̱ʲapʼu]
/ŋo/   [ŋo]
/jind̻a/   [jɨnd̻a]
/ŋguŋu/   [ŋguŋu]
/kao/   [kao]

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