ConIPA: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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| ɴ | | ɴ | ||
− | + | | µ | |
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Wersja z 20:03, 11 sty 2013
Front | Near-Front | Central | Near-Back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i · y | ι · ɏ | ɨ · ʉ | ү · ұ | ɯ · u |
Near-Close | ɪ · ʏ | ᴉ · ƴ | ᵻ · ᵿ | ơ · ư | и · ʊ |
Close-Mid | e · ø | η · ҩ | ɘ · ɵ | ь · ъ | ɤ · o |
Mid | ᴇ · ⱻ | є · э | ə · ꜷ | ʚ · ю | υ · ᵾ |
Open-Mid | ɛ · œ | ɷ · ᵫ | ɜ · ɞ | ꙗ · ԙ | ʌ · ɔ |
Near-Open | æ · ᴔ | ɐ · α | ᴂ · ω | ||
Open | a · ɶ | ᴀ · ᴁ | ɑ · ɒ |
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Radical | Glottal | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- Palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Epiglottal | ||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n̪ | n | n̠ | ɳ | ɲ̟ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | µ | ||
Stop | p b | ȹ ȸ | t̪ d̪ | t d | t̠ d̠ | ʈ ɖ | c̟ ɟ̟ | c ɟ | k g | q ɢ | ƙ г | ʡ̯ ʡ | ʔ̯ ʔ |
Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ɕ ʑ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | ʜ ʢ | h ɦ |
Affricative | p͡ɸ b͡β | ȹ͡f ȸ͡v | t̪͡θ d̪͡ð | ʦ ʣ | ʧ ʤ | ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ | ʨ ʥ | c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ | k͡x g͡ɣ | q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ | ƙ͡ħ г͡ʕ | ʡ̯͡ʜ ʡ͡ʢ | ʔ̯͡h ʔ͡ɦ |
Approximant | β̞ | ʋ | ð̞ | z̞ | ɹ | ɻ | ʑ̞ | j | ɰ | ʁ̞ | ʕ̞ | ʢ̞ | V |
Flap/Tap | ⱳ | ⱱ | ɾ̪ | ɾ | ɾ̠ | ɿ | ɟ̆ | ᴊ | ɢ̆ | ʡ̯ | |||
Trill | ᴘ ʙ | п б | r̪ | r | r̠ | ɽ | ᴚ̟ | ᴚ | ʀ | ᴙ | |||
Lateral Fricative | ɬ̪ ɮ̪ | ɬ ɮ | ʪ ʫ | ɭ˔̊ | ƛ̟ | ƛ | ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ | ||||||
Lateral Approximant | l̪ | l | l̠ | ɭ | ʎ̟ | ʎ | ʟ | ||||||
Lateral Flap | ɺ̪ | ɺ | ɺ̠ | ɺ̢ | λ̟ | λ | ʟ̆ | ||||||
Lateral Click | ʖ̪ | ʖ | ʖ̠ | ʖ˞ | |||||||||
Click | ʘ | ʘ̪ | ʇ | ʗ | ʗ̠ | ψ | ʄ̟ | ʄ | ʞ | ғ | ᴋ | ƻ | ƾ |
Percussive | ʬ | ʭ |
Syllabicity diacritics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
◌̩ | ɹ̩ n̩ | Syllabic | ◌̯ | e̯ ʊ̯ | Non-syllabic |
Consonant-release diacritics | |||||
◌ʰ | tʰ | Aspirated | ◌̚ | d̚ | No audible release |
◌ʱ | dʱ | Voiced Aspiration | |||
◌ⁿ | dⁿ | Nasal release | ◌ˡ | dˡ | Lateral release |
Phonation diacritics | |||||
◌̥ | n̥ d̥ | Voiceless | ◌̬ | s̬ t̬ | Voiced |
◌̤ | b̤ a̤ | Breathy voiced | ◌̰ | b̰ a̰ | Creaky voiced |
Articulation diacritics | |||||
◌̪ | t̪ d̪ | Dental | ◌̼ | t̼ d̼ | Linguolabial |
◌̺ | t̺ d̺ | Apical | ◌̻ | t̻ d̻ | Laminal |
◌̟ | u̟ t̟ | Advanced | ◌̠ | i̠ t̠ | Retracted |
◌̈ | ë ä | Centralized | ◌̽ | e̽ ɯ̽ | Mid-centralized |
◌̝ | e̝ ɹ̝ | Raised | ◌̞ | e̞ β̞ | Lowered |
◌˔ | e˔ β˕ | ◌˕ | e˕ β˕ | ||
Co-articulation diacritics | |||||
◌̹ | ɔ̹ x̹ | More rounded | ◌̜ | ɔ̜ x̜ʷ | Less rounded |
◌ʷ | tʷ dʷ | Labialized or labio-velarized | ◌ʲ | tʲ dʲ | Palatalized |
◌ˠ | tˠ dˠ | Velarized | ◌ˤ | tˤ aˤ | Pharyngealized |
◌ᶣ | tᶣ dᶣ | Labio-palatalized | ◌̴ | ɫ z̴ | Velarized or pharyngealized |
◌̘ | e̘ o̘ | Advanced tongue root | ◌̙ | e̙ o̙ | Retracted tongue root |
◌̃ | ẽ z̃ | Nasalized | ◌˞ | ɚ ɝ | Rhotacized |
◌ᶹ | tᶹ kᶹ | Labiodentalized | ◌ᵓ | tᵓ kᵓ | Open-rounded labialization |