Język wendyjski: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
(→Zaimek) |
(→Imiona) |
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(Nie pokazano 22 pośrednich wersji utworzonych przez tego samego użytkownika) | |||
Linia 2: | Linia 2: | ||
| kolor = #008080 | | kolor = #008080 | ||
| nazwa = Język wendyjski | | nazwa = Język wendyjski | ||
− | | nazwa własna = | + | | nazwa własna = Inzā weniškā |
| alfabet u = Łacińskie | | alfabet u = Łacińskie | ||
| typologia u = Fleksyjny<br/>SVO | | typologia u = Fleksyjny<br/>SVO | ||
Linia 34: | Linia 34: | ||
*m n (m n) | *m n (m n) | ||
*p b t d k g (p b t d k g) | *p b t d k g (p b t d k g) | ||
− | *s z ʃ ʒ | + | *s z ʃ ʒ (s z š ž) |
*l r j (l r j) | *l r j (l r j) | ||
Linia 81: | Linia 81: | ||
*V:V̯ > VV̯ | *V:V̯ > VV̯ | ||
*ou > eu | *ou > eu | ||
+ | *χ > š | ||
== Rozwój systemu akcentuacyjnego == | == Rozwój systemu akcentuacyjnego == | ||
Linia 126: | Linia 127: | ||
| ti | | ti | ||
| ansmai | | ansmai | ||
− | | | + | | ušmai |
| si | | si | ||
|- | |- | ||
Linia 133: | Linia 134: | ||
| ten | | ten | ||
| ansme | | ansme | ||
− | | | + | | ušme |
| sen | | sen | ||
|- | |- | ||
Linia 140: | Linia 141: | ||
| tai | | tai | ||
| ansmi | | ansmi | ||
− | | | + | | ušmi |
| sai | | sai | ||
|- | |- | ||
Linia 147: | Linia 148: | ||
| twas | | twas | ||
| ansas | | ansas | ||
− | | | + | | ušas |
| swas | | swas | ||
|} | |} | ||
Linia 192: | Linia 193: | ||
| anašā | | anašā | ||
| anasmi | | anasmi | ||
− | | colspan="2" | | + | | colspan="2" | anoišu |
|} | |} | ||
Linia 218: | Linia 219: | ||
| Dat. | | Dat. | ||
| colspan="2" | p̧asmai | | colspan="2" | p̧asmai | ||
− | | colspan="2" | | + | | colspan="2" | p̧aišōn |
|- | |- | ||
| Acc. | | Acc. | ||
Linia 228: | Linia 229: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| colspan="2" | p̧asmi | | colspan="2" | p̧asmi | ||
− | | colspan="2" | | + | | colspan="2" | p̧aišu |
|} | |} | ||
Linia 272: | Linia 273: | ||
| p̧ašā | | p̧ašā | ||
| p̧asmi | | p̧asmi | ||
− | | colspan="2" | | + | | colspan="2" | p̧oišu |
|} | |} | ||
Linia 300: | Linia 301: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| walpai | | walpai | ||
− | | | + | | walpaišu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
Linia 330: | Linia 331: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| ōjai | | ōjai | ||
− | | | + | | ōjaišu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
Linia 361: | Linia 362: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| gasti | | gasti | ||
− | | | + | | gastišu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
| gasti | | gasti | ||
| gasţais | | gasţais | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | mari | ||
+ | | marī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | mariš | ||
+ | | maŗōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | maŗai | ||
+ | | marimas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | mari | ||
+ | | marī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | mari | ||
+ | | marišu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | mari | ||
+ | | marī | ||
|} | |} | ||
Linia 392: | Linia 423: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| sūneu | | sūneu | ||
− | | | + | | sūnušu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
| sūn | | sūn | ||
| sūnos | | sūnos | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | b̧aru | ||
+ | | b̧arū | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | b̧arauš | ||
+ | | b̧arowan | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | b̧arowai | ||
+ | | b̧arumas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | b̧aru | ||
+ | | b̧arū | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | b̧areu | ||
+ | | b̧arušu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | b̧aru | ||
+ | | b̧arū | ||
|} | |} | ||
Linia 418: | Linia 479: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Acc. | | Acc. | ||
− | | | + | | bīnān |
| bīnāns | | bīnāns | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| bīnai | | bīnai | ||
− | | | + | | bīnāšu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
Linia 429: | Linia 490: | ||
| bīnai | | bīnai | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
=== C-deklinacja === | === C-deklinacja === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Linia 453: | Linia 515: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| padi | | padi | ||
− | | | + | | pasšu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
Linia 483: | Linia 545: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| skājā | | skājā | ||
− | | | + | | skājīšu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
Linia 490: | Linia 552: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | === | + | === o-deklinacja === |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Cas. | ! Cas. | ||
Linia 514: | Linia 576: | ||
| Loc. | | Loc. | ||
| drowi | | drowi | ||
− | | | + | | drošu |
|- | |- | ||
| Voc. | | Voc. | ||
| drowe | | drowe | ||
| drowes | | drowes | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === r-deklinacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | brātī | ||
+ | | brātres | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | brātarš | ||
+ | | brātrōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | brātrai | ||
+ | | brātarmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | brātran | ||
+ | | brātrans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | brātar | ||
+ | | brātaršu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | brātre | ||
+ | | brātres | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | swesū | ||
+ | | swesres | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | swesarš | ||
+ | | swesrōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | swesrai | ||
+ | | swesarmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | swesran | ||
+ | | swesrans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | swesar | ||
+ | | swesaršu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | swesre | ||
+ | | swesres | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === n-deklinacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | naman | ||
+ | | namō | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | namanš | ||
+ | | namnōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | namnai | ||
+ | | namanmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | naman | ||
+ | | namō | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | namni | ||
+ | | namanšu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | naman | ||
+ | | namō | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === ō-deklinacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | swō | ||
+ | | swanes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | swaneš | ||
+ | | swanōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | swanai | ||
+ | | swanmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | swanan | ||
+ | | swanans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | swani | ||
+ | | swanšu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | swane | ||
+ | | swanes | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | asmō | ||
+ | | asmanes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | asmaneš | ||
+ | | asmanōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | asmanai | ||
+ | | asmanmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | asmanan | ||
+ | | asmanans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | asmani | ||
+ | | asmanšu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | asman | ||
+ | | asmanes | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === ū-deklinacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | sūs | ||
+ | | sūjes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | sūš | ||
+ | | sūjōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | sūji | ||
+ | | sūmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | sūn | ||
+ | | sūns | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | sū | ||
+ | | sūšu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | sū | ||
+ | | sūjes | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === nt-deklinacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Cas. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | pans | ||
+ | | pantes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | panteš | ||
+ | | pantōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | pantai | ||
+ | | panmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | pantan | ||
+ | | pantans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | panti | ||
+ | | panšu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | pante | ||
+ | | pantes | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Przymiotnik == | == Przymiotnik == | ||
+ | Najpopularniejsze końcówki przymiotnika to: | ||
+ | *-škas | ||
+ | *-iškas | ||
+ | *-uškas | ||
+ | *-nas | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | | n | ||
+ | | An. | ||
+ | | Inan. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | nowas | ||
+ | | nowā | ||
+ | | nowa | ||
+ | | nowai | ||
+ | | nowā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | nowaša | ||
+ | | nowašās | ||
+ | | nowaša | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowašōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | nowai | ||
+ | | nowašai | ||
+ | | nowai | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowaimas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | nowan | ||
+ | | nowān | ||
+ | | nowa | ||
+ | | nowans | ||
+ | | nowā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | nowasmi | ||
+ | | nowašā | ||
+ | | nowasmi | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowoišu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | nowe | ||
+ | | nowa | ||
+ | | nowa | ||
+ | | nowai | ||
+ | | nowā | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | | n | ||
+ | | An. | ||
+ | | Inan. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | nowjōs | ||
+ | | nowješī | ||
+ | | nowjas | ||
+ | | nowjases | ||
+ | | nowjōs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | nowjišeš | ||
+ | | nowjišeš | ||
+ | | nowjišeš | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowjišōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | nowjišai | ||
+ | | nowjišai | ||
+ | | nowjišai | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowjišmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | nowjosan | ||
+ | | nowješīn | ||
+ | | nowjas | ||
+ | | nowjasans | ||
+ | | nowjōs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | nowjes | ||
+ | | nowjiš | ||
+ | | nowjes | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowjišu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | nowjas | ||
+ | | nowješī | ||
+ | | nowjas | ||
+ | | nowjases | ||
+ | | nowjōs | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | Sekwencja Cj zmienia się w palatalizację/dochodzi do alternacji. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | | n | ||
+ | | An. | ||
+ | | Inan. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | noweras | ||
+ | | nowerā | ||
+ | | noweran | ||
+ | | nowerai | ||
+ | | nowerā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Gen. | ||
+ | | noweraša | ||
+ | | nowerašās | ||
+ | | noweraša | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | nowerašōn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | nowerai | ||
+ | | nowerašai | ||
+ | | nowerai | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | noweraimas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | noweran | ||
+ | | nowerān | ||
+ | | noweran | ||
+ | | nowerans | ||
+ | | nowerā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Loc. | ||
+ | | nowerasmi | ||
+ | | nowerašā | ||
+ | | nowerasmi | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | noweroišu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Voc. | ||
+ | | nowere | ||
+ | | nowera | ||
+ | | noweran | ||
+ | | nowerai | ||
+ | | nowerā | ||
+ | |} | ||
=== Przysłówek === | === Przysłówek === | ||
+ | Przysłówek tworzy się za pomocą sufiksu -ō, -jō. | ||
== Czasownik == | == Czasownik == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | swepeti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | swepō | ||
+ | | swepemas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepeši | ||
+ | | swepete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | swepeti | ||
+ | | swepanti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | swepan | ||
+ | | swepeme | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepes | ||
+ | | swepeste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | swepe | ||
+ | | swepens | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | swepesan | ||
+ | | swepesame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepeses | ||
+ | | swepesate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | swepese | ||
+ | | swepesans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | swepain | ||
+ | | swepaime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepaiš | ||
+ | | swepaite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | swepai | ||
+ | | swepains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | swep̧ō | ||
+ | | swepōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepīši | ||
+ | | swepīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | swepīti | ||
+ | | swepōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | swepe | ||
+ | | swepete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | swepeti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | swepans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | swepatas | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | esti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | edō | ||
+ | | edemas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | esši | ||
+ | | edete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | esti | ||
+ | | edanti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | edan | ||
+ | | esme | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ess | ||
+ | | este | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | ed | ||
+ | | edens | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | essan | ||
+ | | essame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | esses | ||
+ | | essate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | esse | ||
+ | | essans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | edain | ||
+ | | edaime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | edaiš | ||
+ | | edaite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | edai | ||
+ | | edains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | eḑō | ||
+ | | edōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | edīši | ||
+ | | edīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | edīti | ||
+ | | edōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ed | ||
+ | | este | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | esti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | edans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | estas | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | znāti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | znāō | ||
+ | | znāmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znāši | ||
+ | | znāte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | znāti | ||
+ | | znānti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | znān | ||
+ | | znāme | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znās | ||
+ | | znāste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | znā | ||
+ | | znāns | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | znāsan | ||
+ | | znāsame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znāses | ||
+ | | znāsate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | znāse | ||
+ | | znāsans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | znājain | ||
+ | | znājaime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znājaiš | ||
+ | | znājaite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | znājai | ||
+ | | znājains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | znājō | ||
+ | | znājōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znājīši | ||
+ | | znājīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | znājīti | ||
+ | | znājōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | znā | ||
+ | | znāte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | znājti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | znāns | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | znātas | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | sloti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | slowō | ||
+ | | slowemas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | sloweši | ||
+ | | slowete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | sloweti | ||
+ | | slowanti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | slon | ||
+ | | slome | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | slos | ||
+ | | sloste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | slo | ||
+ | | slons | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | slosan | ||
+ | | slosame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | sloses | ||
+ | | slosate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | slose | ||
+ | | slosans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | slowain | ||
+ | | slowaime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | slowaiš | ||
+ | | slowaite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | slowai | ||
+ | | slowains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | slowjō | ||
+ | | slowōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | slowīši | ||
+ | | slowīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | slowīti | ||
+ | | slowōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | slo | ||
+ | | slote | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | sloti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | slowans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | slotas | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | merti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | merō | ||
+ | | meremas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | merši | ||
+ | | merete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | merti | ||
+ | | meranti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | mren | ||
+ | | mreme | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | mres | ||
+ | | mreste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | mre | ||
+ | | mrens | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | mresan | ||
+ | | mresame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | mreses | ||
+ | | mresate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | mrese | ||
+ | | mresans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | merain | ||
+ | | meraime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | meraiš | ||
+ | | meraite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | merai | ||
+ | | merains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | meŗō | ||
+ | | merōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | merīši | ||
+ | | merīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | merīti | ||
+ | | merōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | mer | ||
+ | | merte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | merti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | merans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | mertas | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | esti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Ter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | esmi | ||
+ | | esmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | eši | ||
+ | | sete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | esti | ||
+ | | santi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Perf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | esan | ||
+ | | sesme | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | eses | ||
+ | | seste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | est | ||
+ | | sesens | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | essan | ||
+ | | essame | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | esses | ||
+ | | essate | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | esse | ||
+ | | essans | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | sain | ||
+ | | saime | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | saiš | ||
+ | | saite | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | sai | ||
+ | | sains | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | šō | ||
+ | | šōmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | šīši | ||
+ | | šīte | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | šīti | ||
+ | | šōnti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | est | ||
+ | | este | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Inf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | esti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Part. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | sans | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | = Imiona = | ||
+ | W języku wendyjskim dominują rodzime imiona złożone, np: | ||
+ | *męskie: | ||
+ | **'''Daiwanī''' "''człowiek Boga''" | ||
+ | **'''Irsastāņņas''' "''silny jak niedźwiedź''" | ||
+ | **'''Pasudōtī''' "''dawca bogactw''" | ||
+ | **'''Jowanastāņņas''' "''młody i silny''" | ||
+ | **'''Beļaberţas''' "''nosiciel siły''" | ||
+ | **'''Totāslowas''' "''sława ludu''" | ||
+ | **'''Daiwanemas''' "''dar Boga''" | ||
+ | **'''Wirstastatas''' "''pracowity i wytrwały''" | ||
+ | *żeńskie: | ||
+ | **'''Wesanaswesū''' "''siostra wiosny''" | ||
+ | **'''Aiwubīnā''' "''zdrowa kobieta''" | ||
+ | **'''Jowanaslowā''' "''sława młodości''" | ||
+ | W obiegu używane są albo zaprezentowane tutaj imiona pełne, albo ich wersje skrócone, często do samego pierwszego członu: | ||
+ | *'''Irsastāņņas''' > '''Irsas''' "''niedźwiedź''" | ||
+ | *'''Beļaberţas''' > '''Beļas''' | ||
+ | *'''Wesanaswesū''' > '''Wesanā''' "''wiosna''" | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Imiona męskie == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Sufiks | ||
+ | ! Znaczenie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -pŗas | ||
+ | | szacunek | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -spas | ||
+ | | sława | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -sūjus | ||
+ | | syn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -rejas | ||
+ | | zdrowie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -saitas | ||
+ | | moc | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -stāņņas | ||
+ | | siła | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wailas | ||
+ | | pogromca | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wīras | ||
+ | | mężczyzna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -patis | ||
+ | | władza | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -nemas | ||
+ | | dar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wastus | ||
+ | | stąd | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -gastis | ||
+ | | gość | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -asris | ||
+ | | ostry | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -anţas | ||
+ | | pierwszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -namnis | ||
+ | | imię, znamię | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -zmanis | ||
+ | | przyjaciel | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -slowas | ||
+ | | sława | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -slaitras | ||
+ | | obrońca | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -zesū | ||
+ | | pomoc | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -berţas | ||
+ | | nosiciel | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -nī | ||
+ | | mężczyzna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -kōtus | ||
+ | | walka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -dōtī | ||
+ | | dawca | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -desas | ||
+ | | właściwy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wistas | ||
+ | | znany | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -dijas | ||
+ | | niebiański | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -datas | ||
+ | | dany | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -mežas | ||
+ | | wielki | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -statas | ||
+ | | wytrwały | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Prefiks | ||
+ | ! Znaczenie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | daiwa- | ||
+ | | Bóg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | beļa- | ||
+ | | siła | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | waiķa- | ||
+ | | zwycięstwo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sata- | ||
+ | | bitwa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | pasu- | ||
+ | | bogactwo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jowi- | ||
+ | | sprawiedliwość | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rezi- | ||
+ | | władza | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | lodī- | ||
+ | | ludzie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | totā- | ||
+ | | naród | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | agesi- | ||
+ | | topór | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | irsa- | ||
+ | | niedźwiedź | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ātī- | ||
+ | | ogień, płomień | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tanira- | ||
+ | | piorun | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Sōli- | ||
+ | | Słońce | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | aiwu- | ||
+ | | zdrowie, życie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sitera- | ||
+ | | szczególny | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | wirsta- | ||
+ | | pracowity | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jowana- | ||
+ | | młody | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Imiona żeńskie == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Sufiks | ||
+ | ! Znaczenie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -pŗā | ||
+ | | szacunek | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -spā | ||
+ | | sława | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -rejā | ||
+ | | zdrowie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -saitā | ||
+ | | moc | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -stānnī | ||
+ | | siła | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wailā | ||
+ | | pogromczyni | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -patī | ||
+ | | władza | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -nemā | ||
+ | | dar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wastī | ||
+ | | stąd | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -gastī | ||
+ | | gość | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -asrī | ||
+ | | ostry | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -anţā | ||
+ | | pierwszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -namnī | ||
+ | | imię, znamię | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -zmanī | ||
+ | | przyjaciel | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -slowā | ||
+ | | sława | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -slaitrā | ||
+ | | obrońca | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -berţā | ||
+ | | nosicielka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -kōtī | ||
+ | | walka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -dōtī | ||
+ | | dawca | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -desā | ||
+ | | właściwa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -wistā | ||
+ | | znana | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -dijā | ||
+ | | niebiańska | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -datā | ||
+ | | dana | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -mežā | ||
+ | | wielka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -statā | ||
+ | | wytrwała | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -bīnā | ||
+ | | kobieta | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -dūštī | ||
+ | | córka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -mātī | ||
+ | | matka | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | -swesū | ||
+ | | siostra | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Prefiks | ||
+ | ! Znaczenie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | daiwa- | ||
+ | | Bóg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | beļa- | ||
+ | | siła | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | waiķa- | ||
+ | | zwycięstwo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sata- | ||
+ | | bitwa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | pasu- | ||
+ | | bogactwo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jowi- | ||
+ | | sprawiedliwość | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rezi- | ||
+ | | władza | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | lodī- | ||
+ | | ludzie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | totā- | ||
+ | | naród | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | agesi- | ||
+ | | topór | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ātī- | ||
+ | | ogień, płomień | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | tanira- | ||
+ | | piorun | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Sōli- | ||
+ | | Słońce | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | aiwu- | ||
+ | | zdrowie, życie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sitera- | ||
+ | | szczególna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | wirsta- | ||
+ | | pracowita | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | jowana- | ||
+ | | młoda | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | wesana- | ||
+ | | wiosna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | zimī- | ||
+ | | zima | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | sama- | ||
+ | | lato | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ḑowa- | ||
+ | | niebo | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | blōsa- | ||
+ | | kwiat | ||
+ | |} | ||
[[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] | [[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 22:08, 9 cze 2019
Język wendyjski Inzā weniškā | |
---|---|
Sposoby zapisu: | Łacińskie |
Typologia: | Fleksyjny SVO |
Faktycznie | |
Utworzenie: | Henryk Pruthenia w 2018 |
W Adnacie | |
Używany w : | brak |
Lista conlangów |
Zobacz też słownik tego języka. |
Język wendyjski, też wandyjski, wenedzki - język używany w Adnacie.
Dźwięki
Samogłoski
- i iː u uː (i ī u ū)
- e eː o oː (e ē o ō)
- a aː (a ā)
Dyftongi
- ai au (ai au)
- oi (oi)
- ei eu (ei eu)
Spółgłoski
- m n (m n)
- p b t d k g (p b t d k g)
- s z ʃ ʒ (s z š ž)
- l r j (l r j)
Alofonia
Przed i, ī, e, ē, ei oraz eu dochodzi do palatalizacji spółgłosek zwartych, nosowych, jak i szczelinowych. Dźwięki /k/, /g/ oraz /n/ są spalatalizowane do /c/, /ɟ/, /ɲ/. Przed o, ō, u, ū oraz oi dochodzi do silnej labializacji spółgłosek zwartych jak i nosowych.
Spółgłoski miękkie
Wszystkie spółgłoski nieszczelinowe posiadają także swój palatalizowany odpowiednik będący nie alofonem, a oddzielnym fonemem:
- mʲ ɲ (m̧ ņ)
- pʲ bʲ tsʲ dsʲ c ɟ (p̧ b̧ ţ ḑ ķ ģ)
- lʲ rʲ (ļ ŗ)
Zmiany fonetyczne
- h₁e, eh₁ > e, ē
- eh₂, h₂e > ah₂, ah₂
- eh₃, h₃e > oh₃, h₃o
- ḱ, ǵ, ǵʰ > ś, ź, ź > s, z
- N̥HC > N̥̄C
- VH > V̄
- H > ∅, ə
- dt, tt > ss
- sr > str
- _s > χ {r, k, j, w, i, u}
- kw, gw, > kʷ, gʷ
- bʰ, dʰ, gʰ > b, d, g
- eRa > aRa {r, l, m, n}
- -ēR, ōR > -ī, -ū
- R̥C- > RiC- {r, l}
- R̥, M̥ > aR, aM (rzadko iR, iM, czasem przed /i/, /j/, a też /k/, /g/)
- N̥̄C > āNC
- ə > a
- ē > ī
- -T > -∅ {t, d}
- pC, bC > C
- T¹C² > χC² {t, d, k, g}
- p...kʷ > kʷ...kʷ
- kʷ, gʷ > k, g
- o > a
- ew > ow
- uwa > owa
- sj, zj > š, ž
- VCN > VN
- ĭ, ŭ > ∅ (nieakcentowane, w szczególności po akcencie)
- ei > ai
- eu > o
- V:V̯ > VV̯
- ou > eu
- χ > š
Rozwój systemu akcentuacyjnego
- retrakcja akcentu z końcówki na:
- pierwszą sylabę wyrazu, jeżeli wszystkie samogłoski są krótkie
- na sylabę z samogłoską długą;
- proces miał miejsce przed rozbiciu się samogłosek sonornych na sekwencję VR, przez co akcent pozostawał w wygłosie. Akcent też nie przechodził na samogłoskę słabą /ə/.
- w wyrazach z samogłoskami krótkimi (gdy akcentowana jest pierwsza sylaba, za wyjątkiem wyrazów jednosylabowych (jeżeli chodzi o rdzeń) z zamkniętą sylabą w mianowniku) akcent przeskakuje na fleksję z samogłoską długą.
- skrócenie samogłosek w fleksji rzeczownika (w całkowitym wygłosie sylaby)
- ustabilizowanie się systemu paradygmatów:
- A - stała sylaba akcentowana
- B - przeskakiwanie akcentu na fleksję
- C - stały akcent na fleksji
Gramatyka
Zaimek
Zaimek osobowy
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | Refl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | I | II | ||
Nom. | es | tū | wai | jū | – |
Gen. | mene | tewe | nas | was | se |
Dat. | meni | ti | ansmai | ušmai | si |
Acc. | men | ten | ansme | ušme | sen |
Loc. | menai | tai | ansmi | ušmi | sai |
Poss. | menas | twas | ansas | ušas | swas |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | anas | anā | ana | anai | anā |
Gen. | anaša | anašās | anaša | anašōn | |
Dat. | anasmai | anašai | anasmai | anaimas | |
Acc. | anan | anān | ana | anans | anā |
Loc. | anasmi | anašā | anasmi | anoišu |
Zaimek pytający
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
An. | Inan. | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | pis | pi | p̧ais | pī |
Gen. | p̧aša | p̧aimas | ||
Dat. | p̧asmai | p̧aišōn | ||
Acc. | pin | pi | p̧ains | pī |
Loc. | p̧asmi | p̧aišu |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | p̧anas | p̧anā | p̧ana | p̧anai | p̧anā |
Gen. | p̧aša | p̧ašās | p̧aša | p̧ašōn | |
Dat. | p̧asmai | p̧ašai | p̧asmai | p̧aimas | |
Acc. | p̧anan | p̧anān | p̧ana | p̧anans | p̧anā |
Loc. | p̧asmi | p̧ašā | p̧asmi | p̧oišu |
Rzeczownik
a-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | walpas | walpais |
Gen. | walpaš | walpōn |
Dat. | walpoi | walpamas |
Acc. | walpan | walpans |
Loc. | walpai | walpaišu |
Voc. | walpe | walpais |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | ōjan | ōjā |
Gen. | ōjaš | ōjōn |
Dat. | ōjoi | ōjamas |
Acc. | ōjan | ōjā |
Loc. | ōjai | ōjaišu |
Voc. | ōjan | ōjā |
i-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | gastis | gasţais |
Gen. | gastiš | gasţōn |
Dat. | gasţai | gastimas |
Acc. | gastin | gastins |
Loc. | gasti | gastišu |
Voc. | gasti | gasţais |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | mari | marī |
Gen. | mariš | maŗōn |
Dat. | maŗai | marimas |
Acc. | mari | marī |
Loc. | mari | marišu |
Voc. | mari | marī |
u-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | sūnus | sūnos |
Gen. | sūnauš | sūnowan |
Dat. | sūnowai | sūnumas |
Acc. | sūnun | sūnuns |
Loc. | sūneu | sūnušu |
Voc. | sūn | sūnos |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | b̧aru | b̧arū |
Gen. | b̧arauš | b̧arowan |
Dat. | b̧arowai | b̧arumas |
Acc. | b̧aru | b̧arū |
Loc. | b̧areu | b̧arušu |
Voc. | b̧aru | b̧arū |
ā-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | bīnā | bīnai |
Gen. | bīnāš | bīnān |
Dat. | bīnai | bīnāmas |
Acc. | bīnān | bīnāns |
Loc. | bīnai | bīnāšu |
Voc. | bīnā | bīnai |
C-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | pōss | pades |
Gen. | padeš | padōn |
Dat. | paḑai | pasmas |
Acc. | padan | padans |
Loc. | padi | pasšu |
Voc. | pade | pades |
ī-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | skājī | skājīs |
Gen. | skājīš | skājījōn |
Dat. | skājai | skājīmas |
Acc. | skājīn | skājīns |
Loc. | skājā | skājīšu |
Voc. | skājī | skājī |
o-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | dros | drowes |
Gen. | droweš | drowōn |
Dat. | drowai | dromas |
Acc. | dron | drons |
Loc. | drowi | drošu |
Voc. | drowe | drowes |
r-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | brātī | brātres |
Gen. | brātarš | brātrōn |
Dat. | brātrai | brātarmas |
Acc. | brātran | brātrans |
Loc. | brātar | brātaršu |
Voc. | brātre | brātres |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | swesū | swesres |
Gen. | swesarš | swesrōn |
Dat. | swesrai | swesarmas |
Acc. | swesran | swesrans |
Loc. | swesar | swesaršu |
Voc. | swesre | swesres |
n-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | naman | namō |
Gen. | namanš | namnōn |
Dat. | namnai | namanmas |
Acc. | naman | namō |
Loc. | namni | namanšu |
Voc. | naman | namō |
ō-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | swō | swanes |
Gen. | swaneš | swanōn |
Dat. | swanai | swanmas |
Acc. | swanan | swanans |
Loc. | swani | swanšu |
Voc. | swane | swanes |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | asmō | asmanes |
Gen. | asmaneš | asmanōn |
Dat. | asmanai | asmanmas |
Acc. | asmanan | asmanans |
Loc. | asmani | asmanšu |
Voc. | asman | asmanes |
ū-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | sūs | sūjes |
Gen. | sūš | sūjōn |
Dat. | sūji | sūmas |
Acc. | sūn | sūns |
Loc. | sū | sūšu |
Voc. | sū | sūjes |
nt-deklinacja
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. |
---|---|---|
Nom. | pans | pantes |
Gen. | panteš | pantōn |
Dat. | pantai | panmas |
Acc. | pantan | pantans |
Loc. | panti | panšu |
Voc. | pante | pantes |
Przymiotnik
Najpopularniejsze końcówki przymiotnika to:
- -škas
- -iškas
- -uškas
- -nas
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | nowas | nowā | nowa | nowai | nowā |
Gen. | nowaša | nowašās | nowaša | nowašōn | |
Dat. | nowai | nowašai | nowai | nowaimas | |
Acc. | nowan | nowān | nowa | nowans | nowā |
Loc. | nowasmi | nowašā | nowasmi | nowoišu | |
Voc. | nowe | nowa | nowa | nowai | nowā |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | nowjōs | nowješī | nowjas | nowjases | nowjōs |
Gen. | nowjišeš | nowjišeš | nowjišeš | nowjišōn | |
Dat. | nowjišai | nowjišai | nowjišai | nowjišmas | |
Acc. | nowjosan | nowješīn | nowjas | nowjasans | nowjōs |
Loc. | nowjes | nowjiš | nowjes | nowjišu | |
Voc. | nowjas | nowješī | nowjas | nowjases | nowjōs |
Sekwencja Cj zmienia się w palatalizację/dochodzi do alternacji.
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | An. | Inan. | |
Nom. | noweras | nowerā | noweran | nowerai | nowerā |
Gen. | noweraša | nowerašās | noweraša | nowerašōn | |
Dat. | nowerai | nowerašai | nowerai | noweraimas | |
Acc. | noweran | nowerān | noweran | nowerans | nowerā |
Loc. | nowerasmi | nowerašā | nowerasmi | noweroišu | |
Voc. | nowere | nowera | noweran | nowerai | nowerā |
Przysłówek
Przysłówek tworzy się za pomocą sufiksu -ō, -jō.
Czasownik
swepeti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | swepō | swepemas |
II | swepeši | swepete |
III | swepeti | swepanti |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | swepan | swepeme |
II | swepes | swepeste |
III | swepe | swepens |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | swepesan | swepesame |
II | swepeses | swepesate |
III | swepese | swepesans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | swepain | swepaime |
II | swepaiš | swepaite |
III | swepai | swepains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | swep̧ō | swepōmas |
II | swepīši | swepīte |
III | swepīti | swepōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | swepe | swepete |
Inf. | swepeti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | swepans | |
Pass. | swepatas |
esti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | edō | edemas |
II | esši | edete |
III | esti | edanti |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | edan | esme |
II | ess | este |
III | ed | edens |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | essan | essame |
II | esses | essate |
III | esse | essans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | edain | edaime |
II | edaiš | edaite |
III | edai | edains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | eḑō | edōmas |
II | edīši | edīte |
III | edīti | edōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | ed | este |
Inf. | esti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | edans | |
Pass. | estas |
znāti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | znāō | znāmas |
II | znāši | znāte |
III | znāti | znānti |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | znān | znāme |
II | znās | znāste |
III | znā | znāns |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | znāsan | znāsame |
II | znāses | znāsate |
III | znāse | znāsans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | znājain | znājaime |
II | znājaiš | znājaite |
III | znājai | znājains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | znājō | znājōmas |
II | znājīši | znājīte |
III | znājīti | znājōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | znā | znāte |
Inf. | znājti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | znāns | |
Pass. | znātas |
sloti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | slowō | slowemas |
II | sloweši | slowete |
III | sloweti | slowanti |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | slon | slome |
II | slos | sloste |
III | slo | slons |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | slosan | slosame |
II | sloses | slosate |
III | slose | slosans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | slowain | slowaime |
II | slowaiš | slowaite |
III | slowai | slowains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | slowjō | slowōmas |
II | slowīši | slowīte |
III | slowīti | slowōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | slo | slote |
Inf. | sloti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | slowans | |
Pass. | slotas |
merti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | merō | meremas |
II | merši | merete |
III | merti | meranti |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | mren | mreme |
II | mres | mreste |
III | mre | mrens |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | mresan | mresame |
II | mreses | mresate |
III | mrese | mresans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | merain | meraime |
II | meraiš | meraite |
III | merai | merains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | meŗō | merōmas |
II | merīši | merīte |
III | merīti | merōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | mer | merte |
Inf. | merti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | merans | |
Pass. | mertas |
esti | ||
---|---|---|
Ter | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | esmi | esmas |
II | eši | sete |
III | esti | santi |
Perf | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | esan | sesme |
II | eses | seste |
III | est | sesens |
Aor. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | essan | essame |
II | esses | essate |
III | esse | essans |
Fut. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | sain | saime |
II | saiš | saite |
III | sai | sains |
Subj. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
I | šō | šōmas |
II | šīši | šīte |
III | šīti | šōnti |
Imp. | ||
Pers | Sg. | Pl. |
II | est | este |
Inf. | esti | |
Part. | ||
Act. | sans |
Imiona
W języku wendyjskim dominują rodzime imiona złożone, np:
- męskie:
- Daiwanī "człowiek Boga"
- Irsastāņņas "silny jak niedźwiedź"
- Pasudōtī "dawca bogactw"
- Jowanastāņņas "młody i silny"
- Beļaberţas "nosiciel siły"
- Totāslowas "sława ludu"
- Daiwanemas "dar Boga"
- Wirstastatas "pracowity i wytrwały"
- żeńskie:
- Wesanaswesū "siostra wiosny"
- Aiwubīnā "zdrowa kobieta"
- Jowanaslowā "sława młodości"
W obiegu używane są albo zaprezentowane tutaj imiona pełne, albo ich wersje skrócone, często do samego pierwszego członu:
- Irsastāņņas > Irsas "niedźwiedź"
- Beļaberţas > Beļas
- Wesanaswesū > Wesanā "wiosna"
Imiona męskie
Sufiks | Znaczenie |
---|---|
-pŗas | szacunek |
-spas | sława |
-sūjus | syn |
-rejas | zdrowie |
-saitas | moc |
-stāņņas | siła |
-wailas | pogromca |
-wīras | mężczyzna |
-patis | władza |
-nemas | dar |
-wastus | stąd |
-gastis | gość |
-asris | ostry |
-anţas | pierwszy |
-namnis | imię, znamię |
-zmanis | przyjaciel |
-slowas | sława |
-slaitras | obrońca |
-zesū | pomoc |
-berţas | nosiciel |
-nī | mężczyzna |
-kōtus | walka |
-dōtī | dawca |
-desas | właściwy |
-wistas | znany |
-dijas | niebiański |
-datas | dany |
-mežas | wielki |
-statas | wytrwały |
Prefiks | Znaczenie |
---|---|
daiwa- | Bóg |
beļa- | siła |
waiķa- | zwycięstwo |
sata- | bitwa |
pasu- | bogactwo |
jowi- | sprawiedliwość |
rezi- | władza |
lodī- | ludzie |
totā- | naród |
agesi- | topór |
irsa- | niedźwiedź |
ātī- | ogień, płomień |
tanira- | piorun |
Sōli- | Słońce |
aiwu- | zdrowie, życie |
sitera- | szczególny |
wirsta- | pracowity |
jowana- | młody |
Imiona żeńskie
Sufiks | Znaczenie |
---|---|
-pŗā | szacunek |
-spā | sława |
-rejā | zdrowie |
-saitā | moc |
-stānnī | siła |
-wailā | pogromczyni |
-patī | władza |
-nemā | dar |
-wastī | stąd |
-gastī | gość |
-asrī | ostry |
-anţā | pierwszy |
-namnī | imię, znamię |
-zmanī | przyjaciel |
-slowā | sława |
-slaitrā | obrońca |
-berţā | nosicielka |
-kōtī | walka |
-dōtī | dawca |
-desā | właściwa |
-wistā | znana |
-dijā | niebiańska |
-datā | dana |
-mežā | wielka |
-statā | wytrwała |
-bīnā | kobieta |
-dūštī | córka |
-mātī | matka |
-swesū | siostra |
Prefiks | Znaczenie |
---|---|
daiwa- | Bóg |
beļa- | siła |
waiķa- | zwycięstwo |
sata- | bitwa |
pasu- | bogactwo |
jowi- | sprawiedliwość |
rezi- | władza |
lodī- | ludzie |
totā- | naród |
agesi- | topór |
ātī- | ogień, płomień |
tanira- | piorun |
Sōli- | Słońce |
aiwu- | zdrowie, życie |
sitera- | szczególna |
wirsta- | pracowita |
jowana- | młoda |
wesana- | wiosna |
zimī- | zima |
sama- | lato |
ḑowa- | niebo |
blōsa- | kwiat |