Język elimijski: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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(Utworzono nową stronę "{{język | kolor = #008080 | nazwa = Język elimijski | nazwa własna = | alfabet u = Łacińskie | typologia u = Fleksyjny<br/>VSO | faktycznie = tak | twórca f = U...") |
(→Zaimek) |
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(Nie pokazano 4 pośrednich wersji utworzonych przez tego samego użytkownika) | |||
Linia 36: | Linia 36: | ||
= Zmiany dźwiękowe = | = Zmiany dźwiękowe = | ||
+ | *h₁V, Vh₁ > a, ā | ||
+ | *h₂V, Vh₂ > a, ā | ||
+ | *h₃V, Vh₃ > o, ō | ||
+ | *VH > V̄ | ||
+ | *o, e > a, i | ||
+ | *r̥, l̥ > ir, il | ||
+ | *m̥, n̥ > am, an | ||
+ | *ī, ū > ai, au | ||
+ | *ē, ō > e, o | ||
+ | *ā > a | ||
+ | *bʰ, dʰ, gʰ > b, d, g | ||
+ | *ḱ, ǵ > k, g | ||
+ | *kʷ, gʷ > k, g | ||
+ | *s- > h- | ||
+ | *SC- > iSC | ||
+ | *st-, sk- > s | ||
+ | *dt, tt > ss | ||
+ | *-r- > -l- | ||
+ | *sr > r | ||
+ | *sw > w | ||
+ | *k, t _R, _N, _W > s | ||
+ | *wr- > r- | ||
+ | *k, t, g, d _C > s | ||
+ | *p, b _C > ∅ | ||
+ | *iu, eu > u | ||
+ | *ei > ai | ||
+ | *ou > au | ||
= Gramatyka = | = Gramatyka = | ||
== Zaimek == | == Zaimek == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+I i II osoba | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | I | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | II | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Refl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | am | ||
+ | | wai | ||
+ | | tau | ||
+ | | iau | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | mini | ||
+ | | anas | ||
+ | | tibas | ||
+ | | usas | ||
+ | | hini | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | miga | ||
+ | | anai | ||
+ | | tiba | ||
+ | | usai | ||
+ | | higa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | mi | ||
+ | | ani | ||
+ | | te | ||
+ | | usi | ||
+ | | si | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | ma | ||
+ | | ana | ||
+ | | ta | ||
+ | | usa | ||
+ | | ha | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | mai | ||
+ | | ani | ||
+ | | tai | ||
+ | | usi | ||
+ | | hai | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+III osoba | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | ta | ||
+ | | hai | ||
+ | | ha | ||
+ | | tai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | tas | ||
+ | | has | ||
+ | | has | ||
+ | | tom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | tai | ||
+ | | he | ||
+ | | hai | ||
+ | | tamas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | tam | ||
+ | | ham | ||
+ | | ha | ||
+ | | tas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | tai | ||
+ | | ha | ||
+ | | hai | ||
+ | | tais | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | to | ||
+ | | ha | ||
+ | | ho | ||
+ | | tais | ||
+ | |} | ||
== Rzeczownik == | == Rzeczownik == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+Deklinacja I | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | a | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | parsa | ||
+ | | barsa | ||
+ | | tana | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | parsas | ||
+ | | barsas | ||
+ | | tanas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | parsai | ||
+ | | barse | ||
+ | | tanai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | parsam | ||
+ | | barsam | ||
+ | | tana | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | parsai | ||
+ | | barsa | ||
+ | | tanai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | parso | ||
+ | | barsa | ||
+ | | tano | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | parsai | ||
+ | | barsas | ||
+ | | tanas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | parsom | ||
+ | | barsam | ||
+ | | tanam | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | parsamas | ||
+ | | barsamas | ||
+ | | tanamas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | parsas | ||
+ | | barsas | ||
+ | | tanas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | parsais | ||
+ | | barsas | ||
+ | | tanas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | parsais | ||
+ | | barsab | ||
+ | | tanab | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+Deklinacja II | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | i | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | rugi | ||
+ | | awi | ||
+ | | lusi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | rugais | ||
+ | | awis | ||
+ | | lusais | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | rugai | ||
+ | | awai | ||
+ | | lusai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | rugim | ||
+ | | awim | ||
+ | | lusi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | rugai | ||
+ | | awi | ||
+ | | lusai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | rugai | ||
+ | | awai | ||
+ | | lusai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | rugais | ||
+ | | awais | ||
+ | | lusia | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | rugaim | ||
+ | | awaim | ||
+ | | lusaim | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | rugimas | ||
+ | | awimas | ||
+ | | lusimas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | rugis | ||
+ | | awis | ||
+ | | lusia | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | rugis | ||
+ | | awisu | ||
+ | | lusisu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | rugib | ||
+ | | awib | ||
+ | | lusib | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+Deklinacja III | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | u | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | saunu | ||
+ | | nau | ||
+ | | isu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | saunaus | ||
+ | | naes | ||
+ | | isaus | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | saunai | ||
+ | | naai | ||
+ | | isai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | saunum | ||
+ | | naum | ||
+ | | isu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | saunu | ||
+ | | naai | ||
+ | | isu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | saune | ||
+ | | nae | ||
+ | | ise | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | saunes | ||
+ | | naes | ||
+ | | ises | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | saunem | ||
+ | | naem | ||
+ | | isem | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | saunumas | ||
+ | | naumas | ||
+ | | isumas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | saunus | ||
+ | | naus | ||
+ | | ises | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | saunusu | ||
+ | | nausu | ||
+ | | isusu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | saunub | ||
+ | | naub | ||
+ | | isub | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+Deklinacja IV | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | C | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | uksens | ||
+ | | gans | ||
+ | | as | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | uksnas | ||
+ | | ganas | ||
+ | | asas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | uksnai | ||
+ | | ganai | ||
+ | | asai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | uksnam | ||
+ | | ganam | ||
+ | | as | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | uksni | ||
+ | | gani | ||
+ | | asisi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | uksna | ||
+ | | gana | ||
+ | | asa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | uksnes | ||
+ | | ganes | ||
+ | | asa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | uksnom | ||
+ | | ganom | ||
+ | | asom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | uksnmas | ||
+ | | ganmas | ||
+ | | asmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | uksnas | ||
+ | | ganas | ||
+ | | asa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | uksnasu | ||
+ | | ganasu | ||
+ | | asasu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | uksnab | ||
+ | | ganab | ||
+ | | asab | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+Deklinacja V | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | V | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! n | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | nitau | ||
+ | | nitai | ||
+ | | re | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | nitus | ||
+ | | nitias | ||
+ | | res | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | nituai | ||
+ | | nitiai | ||
+ | | reai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | nitaum | ||
+ | | nitaim | ||
+ | | re | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | nituai | ||
+ | | nitiai | ||
+ | | reai | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | nitua | ||
+ | | nitia | ||
+ | | rea | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Nom. | ||
+ | | nitues | ||
+ | | nities | ||
+ | | rea | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Gen. | ||
+ | | nituem | ||
+ | | nitiem | ||
+ | | reem | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Dat. | ||
+ | | nitumas | ||
+ | | nitiamas | ||
+ | | remas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Acc. | ||
+ | | nitaus | ||
+ | | nitais | ||
+ | | rea | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Loc. | ||
+ | | nitusu | ||
+ | | nitiasu | ||
+ | | resu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Ins. | ||
+ | | nitub | ||
+ | | nitiab | ||
+ | | reb | ||
+ | |} | ||
== Czasownik == | == Czasownik == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
+ | |+ Koniugacja czasowa | ||
+ | ! Coni. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | V | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | C | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | V | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | być | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Prs. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | bira | ||
+ | | birimas | ||
+ | | waida | ||
+ | | waismas | ||
+ | | tilna | ||
+ | | tilnamas | ||
+ | | asmi | ||
+ | | asmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | birisi | ||
+ | | biriti | ||
+ | | waissi | ||
+ | | waissi | ||
+ | | tilnasi | ||
+ | | tilnati | ||
+ | | asi | ||
+ | | asti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | biri | ||
+ | | birant | ||
+ | | waide | ||
+ | | waidant | ||
+ | | tilna | ||
+ | | tilnant | ||
+ | | asti | ||
+ | | sinti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Imp. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | biram | ||
+ | | birami | ||
+ | | waidam | ||
+ | | waidami | ||
+ | | tilnam | ||
+ | | tilnami | ||
+ | | asam | ||
+ | | asmi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | biras | ||
+ | | birati | ||
+ | | waidas | ||
+ | | waidati | ||
+ | | tilnas | ||
+ | | tilnati | ||
+ | | as | ||
+ | | asti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | birat | ||
+ | | biraint | ||
+ | | waidat | ||
+ | | waidint | ||
+ | | tilnat | ||
+ | | tilnaint | ||
+ | | ast | ||
+ | | hint | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Aor. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | birisam | ||
+ | | birisami | ||
+ | | waissam | ||
+ | | waissami | ||
+ | | tilnasam | ||
+ | | tilnasami | ||
+ | | assam | ||
+ | | asami | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | birisis | ||
+ | | birisiti | ||
+ | | waissis | ||
+ | | waissiti | ||
+ | | tilnasis | ||
+ | | tilnasiti | ||
+ | | assis | ||
+ | | assiti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | birisit | ||
+ | | birisant | ||
+ | | waissit | ||
+ | | waissant | ||
+ | | tilnasit | ||
+ | | tilnasant | ||
+ | | assit | ||
+ | | assant | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Fut. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | birisaim | ||
+ | | birisaimi | ||
+ | | waissaim | ||
+ | | waissaimi | ||
+ | | tilnasaim | ||
+ | | tilnasaimi | ||
+ | | assaim | ||
+ | | assaimi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | birisais | ||
+ | | birisaiti | ||
+ | | waissais | ||
+ | | waissaiti | ||
+ | | tilnasais | ||
+ | | tilnasaiti | ||
+ | | assais | ||
+ | | assaiti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | birisai | ||
+ | | birisaiant | ||
+ | | waissai | ||
+ | | waissaiant | ||
+ | | tilnasai | ||
+ | | tilnasaiant | ||
+ | | assai | ||
+ | | assaiant | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Imperativ. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | bira | ||
+ | | birimas | ||
+ | | waida | ||
+ | | waismas | ||
+ | | tilna | ||
+ | | tilnamas | ||
+ | | asmi | ||
+ | | asmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | biri | ||
+ | | biriti | ||
+ | | waidi | ||
+ | | waissi | ||
+ | | tilna | ||
+ | | tilnati | ||
+ | | asi | ||
+ | | sti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | biritu | ||
+ | | biritistu | ||
+ | | wassu | ||
+ | | waidantu | ||
+ | | tilnatu | ||
+ | | tilnantu | ||
+ | | istu | ||
+ | | sintu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Subj. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Prs. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! I | ||
+ | | biro | ||
+ | | biromas | ||
+ | | waido | ||
+ | | waidomas | ||
+ | | tilnao | ||
+ | | tilnaomas | ||
+ | | aso | ||
+ | | asomas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! II | ||
+ | | biresi | ||
+ | | bireti | ||
+ | | waidesi | ||
+ | | waideti | ||
+ | | tilnaesi | ||
+ | | tilnaeti | ||
+ | | asesi | ||
+ | | aseti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | | bireti | ||
+ | | bironti | ||
+ | | waideti | ||
+ | | waidonti | ||
+ | | tilnaeti | ||
+ | | tilnaonti | ||
+ | | aseti | ||
+ | | asonti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | V. Nom. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Mod. | ||
+ | ! Acc | ||
+ | ! Pas. | ||
+ | ! Acc | ||
+ | ! Pas. | ||
+ | ! Acc | ||
+ | ! Pas. | ||
+ | ! Acc | ||
+ | ! Pas. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Part. Adj. | ||
+ | | biranta | ||
+ | | birama | ||
+ | | waidanta | ||
+ | | waidama | ||
+ | | tilnanta | ||
+ | | tilnama | ||
+ | | hanta | ||
+ | | – | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Part. Adv. | ||
+ | | biran | ||
+ | | birit | ||
+ | | waidan | ||
+ | | waist | ||
+ | | tilnan | ||
+ | | tilnat | ||
+ | | han | ||
+ | | – | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! colspan="9" | Inf. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | biriti | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | waissi | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | tilnati | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | assi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Pass. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | biritu | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | waissu | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | tilnatu | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | – | ||
+ | |} | ||
[[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] | [[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 01:26, 19 gru 2018
Język elimijski | |
---|---|
Sposoby zapisu: | Łacińskie |
Typologia: | Fleksyjny VSO |
Faktycznie | |
Utworzenie: | Henryk Pruthenia w 2018 |
W Adnacie | |
Używany w : | brak |
Klasyfikacja: | j. indoeuropejski
|
Lista conlangów |
Zobacz też słownik tego języka. |
Dźwięki
Samogłoski
- i u (i u)
- ɛ ɔ (e o)
- a (a)
Spółgłoski
- m n (m n)
- p b t d k g (p b t d k g)
- s h (s h)
- w l r j (w l r i)
Akcent
Akcent jest stały pod względem morfologicznym.
Zmiany dźwiękowe
- h₁V, Vh₁ > a, ā
- h₂V, Vh₂ > a, ā
- h₃V, Vh₃ > o, ō
- VH > V̄
- o, e > a, i
- r̥, l̥ > ir, il
- m̥, n̥ > am, an
- ī, ū > ai, au
- ē, ō > e, o
- ā > a
- bʰ, dʰ, gʰ > b, d, g
- ḱ, ǵ > k, g
- kʷ, gʷ > k, g
- s- > h-
- SC- > iSC
- st-, sk- > s
- dt, tt > ss
- -r- > -l-
- sr > r
- sw > w
- k, t _R, _N, _W > s
- wr- > r-
- k, t, g, d _C > s
- p, b _C > ∅
- iu, eu > u
- ei > ai
- ou > au
Gramatyka
Zaimek
Cas. | I | II | Refl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | ||
Nom. | am | wai | tau | iau | |
Gen. | mini | anas | tibas | usas | hini |
Dat. | miga | anai | tiba | usai | higa |
Acc. | mi | ani | te | usi | si |
Ins. | ma | ana | ta | usa | ha |
Loc. | mai | ani | tai | usi | hai |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
Nom. | ta | hai | ha | tai |
Gen. | tas | has | has | tom |
Dat. | tai | he | hai | tamas |
Acc. | tam | ham | ha | tas |
Ins. | tai | ha | hai | tais |
Loc. | to | ha | ho | tais |
Rzeczownik
Cas | a | ||
---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |
Sg. | |||
Nom. | parsa | barsa | tana |
Gen. | parsas | barsas | tanas |
Dat. | parsai | barse | tanai |
Acc. | parsam | barsam | tana |
Loc. | parsai | barsa | tanai |
Ins. | parso | barsa | tano |
Pl. | |||
Nom. | parsai | barsas | tanas |
Gen. | parsom | barsam | tanam |
Dat. | parsamas | barsamas | tanamas |
Acc. | parsas | barsas | tanas |
Loc. | parsais | barsas | tanas |
Ins. | parsais | barsab | tanab |
Cas | i | ||
---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |
Sg. | |||
Nom. | rugi | awi | lusi |
Gen. | rugais | awis | lusais |
Dat. | rugai | awai | lusai |
Acc. | rugim | awim | lusi |
Loc. | rugai | awi | lusai |
Ins. | rugai | awai | lusai |
Pl. | |||
Nom. | rugais | awais | lusia |
Gen. | rugaim | awaim | lusaim |
Dat. | rugimas | awimas | lusimas |
Acc. | rugis | awis | lusia |
Loc. | rugis | awisu | lusisu |
Ins. | rugib | awib | lusib |
Cas | u | ||
---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |
Sg. | |||
Nom. | saunu | nau | isu |
Gen. | saunaus | naes | isaus |
Dat. | saunai | naai | isai |
Acc. | saunum | naum | isu |
Loc. | saunu | naai | isu |
Ins. | saune | nae | ise |
Pl. | |||
Nom. | saunes | naes | ises |
Gen. | saunem | naem | isem |
Dat. | saunumas | naumas | isumas |
Acc. | saunus | naus | ises |
Loc. | saunusu | nausu | isusu |
Ins. | saunub | naub | isub |
Cas | C | ||
---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |
Sg. | |||
Nom. | uksens | gans | as |
Gen. | uksnas | ganas | asas |
Dat. | uksnai | ganai | asai |
Acc. | uksnam | ganam | as |
Loc. | uksni | gani | asisi |
Ins. | uksna | gana | asa |
Pl. | |||
Nom. | uksnes | ganes | asa |
Gen. | uksnom | ganom | asom |
Dat. | uksnmas | ganmas | asmas |
Acc. | uksnas | ganas | asa |
Loc. | uksnasu | ganasu | asasu |
Ins. | uksnab | ganab | asab |
Cas | V | ||
---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |
Sg. | |||
Nom. | nitau | nitai | re |
Gen. | nitus | nitias | res |
Dat. | nituai | nitiai | reai |
Acc. | nitaum | nitaim | re |
Loc. | nituai | nitiai | reai |
Ins. | nitua | nitia | rea |
Pl. | |||
Nom. | nitues | nities | rea |
Gen. | nituem | nitiem | reem |
Dat. | nitumas | nitiamas | remas |
Acc. | nitaus | nitais | rea |
Loc. | nitusu | nitiasu | resu |
Ins. | nitub | nitiab | reb |
Czasownik
Coni. | V | C | V | być | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prs. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | bira | birimas | waida | waismas | tilna | tilnamas | asmi | asmas |
II | birisi | biriti | waissi | waissi | tilnasi | tilnati | asi | asti |
III | biri | birant | waide | waidant | tilna | tilnant | asti | sinti |
Imp. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | biram | birami | waidam | waidami | tilnam | tilnami | asam | asmi |
II | biras | birati | waidas | waidati | tilnas | tilnati | as | asti |
III | birat | biraint | waidat | waidint | tilnat | tilnaint | ast | hint |
Aor. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | birisam | birisami | waissam | waissami | tilnasam | tilnasami | assam | asami |
II | birisis | birisiti | waissis | waissiti | tilnasis | tilnasiti | assis | assiti |
III | birisit | birisant | waissit | waissant | tilnasit | tilnasant | assit | assant |
Fut. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | birisaim | birisaimi | waissaim | waissaimi | tilnasaim | tilnasaimi | assaim | assaimi |
II | birisais | birisaiti | waissais | waissaiti | tilnasais | tilnasaiti | assais | assaiti |
III | birisai | birisaiant | waissai | waissaiant | tilnasai | tilnasaiant | assai | assaiant |
Imperativ. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | bira | birimas | waida | waismas | tilna | tilnamas | asmi | asmas |
II | biri | biriti | waidi | waissi | tilna | tilnati | asi | sti |
III | biritu | biritistu | wassu | waidantu | tilnatu | tilnantu | istu | sintu |
Subj. | ||||||||
Prs. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | biro | biromas | waido | waidomas | tilnao | tilnaomas | aso | asomas |
II | biresi | bireti | waidesi | waideti | tilnaesi | tilnaeti | asesi | aseti |
III | bireti | bironti | waideti | waidonti | tilnaeti | tilnaonti | aseti | asonti |
V. Nom. | ||||||||
Mod. | Acc | Pas. | Acc | Pas. | Acc | Pas. | Acc | Pas. |
Part. Adj. | biranta | birama | waidanta | waidama | tilnanta | tilnama | hanta | – |
Part. Adv. | biran | birit | waidan | waist | tilnan | tilnat | han | – |
Inf. | ||||||||
Act. | biriti | waissi | tilnati | assi | ||||
Pass. | biritu | waissu | tilnatu | – |