Język elwecki: Różnice pomiędzy wersjami
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(Nie pokazano 8 pośrednich wersji utworzonych przez tego samego użytkownika) | |||
Linia 28: | Linia 28: | ||
*m n ɲ (m n ni) | *m n ɲ (m n ni) | ||
*p b t d k g kʷ gʷ (p b t d c g qu gw) | *p b t d k g kʷ gʷ (p b t d c g qu gw) | ||
− | *s ç h (s c | + | *s ç h (s c h) |
*j l r w (i l r w) | *j l r w (i l r w) | ||
Linia 58: | Linia 58: | ||
*-l > i | *-l > i | ||
*ClV > CjV | *ClV > CjV | ||
− | *ʝ > | + | *ʝ > s |
*VsC > VC | *VsC > VC | ||
*h > ∅ (za wyjątkiem nagłosu) | *h > ∅ (za wyjątkiem nagłosu) | ||
− | + | *mn, nm > mb, mb | |
− | *mn, nm > mb, | ||
*VnS, VmS > ViS | *VnS, VmS > ViS | ||
*-w > ∅ | *-w > ∅ | ||
Linia 68: | Linia 67: | ||
*CC > C | *CC > C | ||
*tuV, duV > k, g | *tuV, duV > k, g | ||
+ | *str > sr | ||
= Gramatyka = | = Gramatyka = | ||
+ | == Spółgłoski mocne i słabe == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Mocne | ||
+ | ! Słabe | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | p | ||
+ | | b | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | b | ||
+ | | w | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | t | ||
+ | | d | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | d | ||
+ | | ∅ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | c | ||
+ | | g | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | g | ||
+ | | ∅ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | qu | ||
+ | | gw | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | gw | ||
+ | | w | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | w | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | h | ||
+ | | ∅ | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | Do kolekcji kwiatków włóż dwie cegły. Dzięki temu dojdzie do osłabienia samogłosek. Do osłabienia dojdzie też po rodzajniku określonym rodzaju żeńskiego, a także po niektórych liczebnikach (4-10) oraz małych kotkach, przyimkach i pieskach. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Zaimki == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Refl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | iu | ||
+ | | tu | ||
+ | | nu | ||
+ | | gwu | ||
+ | | – | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | mi | ||
+ | | tewe | ||
+ | | nywe | ||
+ | | gwywe | ||
+ | | sewe | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | me | ||
+ | | te | ||
+ | | ne | ||
+ | | gwe | ||
+ | | se | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Poss. | ||
+ | | mewu | ||
+ | | tuwu | ||
+ | | nosru | ||
+ | | gwesru | ||
+ | | suwu | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | ei | ||
+ | | esse | ||
+ | | i | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | ii | ||
+ | | iis | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | iu | ||
+ | | ie | ||
+ | | i | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Rzeczownik == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | I | ||
+ | ! colspan="6" | II | ||
+ | ! III | ||
+ | ! IV | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! f | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | ! m | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Sg. | ||
+ | | fembe | ||
+ | | core | ||
+ | | anu | ||
+ | | owu | ||
+ | | embai | ||
+ | | nois | ||
+ | | muis | ||
+ | | neis | ||
+ | | Sui | ||
+ | | manu | ||
+ | | uru | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Pl. | ||
+ | | fembi | ||
+ | | cori | ||
+ | | ani | ||
+ | | ombe | ||
+ | | embe | ||
+ | | noite | ||
+ | | monde | ||
+ | | newe | ||
+ | | Suie | ||
+ | | manwe | ||
+ | | ure | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | == Rodzajnik == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Sg. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | unu | ||
+ | | une | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | yni | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | unu | ||
+ | | une | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Cas. | ||
+ | ! colspan="2" | Sg. | ||
+ | ! rowspan="2" | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | m | ||
+ | | f | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Nom. | ||
+ | | e | ||
+ | | ie | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | ii | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | i | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Acc. | ||
+ | | iu | ||
+ | | ie | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Czasownik == | ||
+ | === I koniugacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | sta | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Teraźniejszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | awu | ||
+ | | awaw | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | awe | ||
+ | | awed | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | awe | ||
+ | | awand | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przeszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | hi awawes | ||
+ | | hew awawes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | hesti awawes | ||
+ | | heste awawes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | he awawes | ||
+ | | here awawes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przyszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | eru awadur | ||
+ | | erew awadur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ere awadur | ||
+ | | ered awadur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | ere awadur | ||
+ | | erund awadur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Tryb rozkazujący | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | awe | ||
+ | | awad | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Bezokolicznik | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | awe | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imiesłów | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | amais, amene | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Perf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | amad | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === II koniugacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | mone | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Teraźniejszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | moniu | ||
+ | | monew | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | mone | ||
+ | | moned | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | mone | ||
+ | | monend | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przeszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | hi monwes | ||
+ | | hew monwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | hesti monwes | ||
+ | | heste monwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | he monwes | ||
+ | | here monwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przyszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | eru monedur | ||
+ | | erew monedur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ere monedur | ||
+ | | ered monedur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | ere monedur | ||
+ | | erund monedur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Tryb rozkazujący | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | mone | ||
+ | | moned | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Bezokolicznik | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | mone | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imiesłów | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | moneis, monene | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Perf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | moned | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === III koniugacja === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | ydi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Teraźniejszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | ydiu | ||
+ | | ydiw | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ydi | ||
+ | | ydid | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | yde | ||
+ | | ydiund | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przeszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | hi ydiwes | ||
+ | | hew ydiwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | hesti ydiwes | ||
+ | | heste ydiwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | he ydiwes | ||
+ | | here ydiwes | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przyszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | eru ydidur | ||
+ | | erew ydidur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ere ydidur | ||
+ | | ered ydidur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | ere ydidur | ||
+ | | erund ydidur | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Tryb rozkazujący | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ydi | ||
+ | | ydid | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Bezokolicznik | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | ydi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imiesłów | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | ydieis, ydiene | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Perf. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | ydid | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Czasowniki nieregularne === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="3" | ese | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Teraźniejszy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | su | ||
+ | | suw | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | e | ||
+ | | ete | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | et | ||
+ | | sund | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przeszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | hi | ||
+ | | hew | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | hesti | ||
+ | | heste | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | he | ||
+ | | here | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Przyszły | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | I | ||
+ | | eru | ||
+ | | erew | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | ere | ||
+ | | ered | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | III | ||
+ | | ere | ||
+ | | erund | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Tryb rozkazujący | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pers. | ||
+ | | Sg. | ||
+ | | Pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | II | ||
+ | | e | ||
+ | | et | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Bezokolicznik | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | ese | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="3" | Imiesłów | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Act. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" | eseis, esene | ||
+ | |} | ||
[[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] | [[Kategoria:Użytkownik:Henryk Pruthenia]][[Kategoria:Adnata]] |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 22:34, 3 sie 2019
Język elwecki ???? | |
---|---|
Sposoby zapisu: | Łacińskie |
Typologia: | Fleksyjny SVO |
Faktycznie | |
Utworzenie: | Henryk Pruthenia w 2018 |
W Adnacie | |
Używany w : | brak |
Klasyfikacja: | j. indoeuropejskie
|
Lista conlangów |
Zobacz też słownik tego języka. |
Dźwięki
Samogłoski
- i y u (i y u)
- e o (e o)
- a (a)
Spółgłoski
- m n ɲ (m n ni)
- p b t d k g kʷ gʷ (p b t d c g qu gw)
- s ç h (s c h)
- j l r w (i l r w)
Zmiany dźwiękowe
- h > ∅
- iV, eV > jV
- a, ā > a
- ē, oe, i, y, e, ae > e
- ī, ȳ > i
- o > o
- ō, u, ū, au > u
- tr > sr
- ns > s
- VrsV > ss
- w- > gw
- Lenicja (V_V, R_, _R, N_, N_, _#)
- b, d, g > w, ð, ɣ
- p, t, k > b, d, g
- -m- > -w-
- gn, ng > ɲ
- kl, gl, ll > ʎ > j
- k', g' > ç ʝ
- pt, kt, ks > jt, jt, js
- wypadnięcie nieakcentowanych
- f > h
- ð, ɣ > ∅
- u, a > y, e _i, j
- VjC > VC
- -l > i
- ClV > CjV
- ʝ > s
- VsC > VC
- h > ∅ (za wyjątkiem nagłosu)
- mn, nm > mb, mb
- VnS, VmS > ViS
- -w > ∅
- -a, -o > -e
- CC > C
- tuV, duV > k, g
- str > sr
Gramatyka
Spółgłoski mocne i słabe
Mocne | Słabe |
---|---|
p | b |
b | w |
t | d |
d | ∅ |
c | g |
g | ∅ |
qu | gw |
gw | w |
m | w |
h | ∅ |
Do kolekcji kwiatków włóż dwie cegły. Dzięki temu dojdzie do osłabienia samogłosek. Do osłabienia dojdzie też po rodzajniku określonym rodzaju żeńskiego, a także po niektórych liczebnikach (4-10) oraz małych kotkach, przyimkach i pieskach.
Zaimki
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | Refl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | I | II | ||
Nom. | iu | tu | nu | gwu | – |
Dat. | mi | tewe | nywe | gwywe | sewe |
Acc. | me | te | ne | gwe | se |
Poss. | mewu | tuwu | nosru | gwesru | suwu |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|
m | f | ||
Nom. | ei | esse | i |
Dat. | ii | iis | |
Acc. | iu | ie | i |
Rzeczownik
Cas. | I | II | III | IV | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f | m | m | m | m | f | m | f | m | m | m | |
Sg. | fembe | core | anu | owu | embai | nois | muis | neis | Sui | manu | uru |
Pl. | fembi | cori | ani | ombe | embe | noite | monde | newe | Suie | manwe | ure |
Rodzajnik
Cas. | Sg. | |
---|---|---|
m | f | |
Nom. | unu | une |
Dat. | yni | |
Acc. | unu | une |
Cas. | Sg. | Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|
m | f | ||
Nom. | e | ie | ii |
Dat. | i | ||
Acc. | iu | ie |
Czasownik
I koniugacja
sta | ||
---|---|---|
Teraźniejszy | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | awu | awaw |
II | awe | awed |
III | awe | awand |
Przeszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | hi awawes | hew awawes |
II | hesti awawes | heste awawes |
III | he awawes | here awawes |
Przyszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | eru awadur | erew awadur |
II | ere awadur | ered awadur |
III | ere awadur | erund awadur |
Tryb rozkazujący | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
II | awe | awad |
Bezokolicznik | ||
awe | ||
Imiesłów | ||
Act. | amais, amene | |
Perf. | amad |
II koniugacja
mone | ||
---|---|---|
Teraźniejszy | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | moniu | monew |
II | mone | moned |
III | mone | monend |
Przeszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | hi monwes | hew monwes |
II | hesti monwes | heste monwes |
III | he monwes | here monwes |
Przyszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | eru monedur | erew monedur |
II | ere monedur | ered monedur |
III | ere monedur | erund monedur |
Tryb rozkazujący | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
II | mone | moned |
Bezokolicznik | ||
mone | ||
Imiesłów | ||
Act. | moneis, monene | |
Perf. | moned |
III koniugacja
ydi | ||
---|---|---|
Teraźniejszy | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | ydiu | ydiw |
II | ydi | ydid |
III | yde | ydiund |
Przeszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | hi ydiwes | hew ydiwes |
II | hesti ydiwes | heste ydiwes |
III | he ydiwes | here ydiwes |
Przyszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | eru ydidur | erew ydidur |
II | ere ydidur | ered ydidur |
III | ere ydidur | erund ydidur |
Tryb rozkazujący | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
II | ydi | ydid |
Bezokolicznik | ||
ydi | ||
Imiesłów | ||
Act. | ydieis, ydiene | |
Perf. | ydid |
Czasowniki nieregularne
ese | ||
---|---|---|
Teraźniejszy | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | su | suw |
II | e | ete |
III | et | sund |
Przeszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | hi | hew |
II | hesti | heste |
III | he | here |
Przyszły | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
I | eru | erew |
II | ere | ered |
III | ere | erund |
Tryb rozkazujący | ||
Pers. | Sg. | Pl. |
II | e | et |
Bezokolicznik | ||
ese | ||
Imiesłów | ||
Act. | eseis, esene |