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m (→Deklinacja I) |
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(Nie pokazano 15 pośrednich wersji utworzonych przez tego samego użytkownika) | |||
Linia 135: | Linia 135: | ||
= Procesy fonetyczne = | = Procesy fonetyczne = | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br>'''PG''' > '''newski'''</br> | ||
+ | *ŋ > ɲ(ː) / V_V | ||
+ | *ŋ > jn~jɲ / _# | ||
+ | *xʷ > v / #_ | ||
+ | *Vxʷ > V̄w | ||
+ | *x > h / #_ | ||
+ | *w > ∅ / #_ | ||
+ | *w > v / #_E | ||
+ | *w > v / V_V | ||
+ | *mb, nd > mm, nn > jm, jn | ||
+ | *dd, gg > ðː, ɣː | ||
+ | *-jj- > -ðʲ- | ||
+ | *-ww- > -vl- | ||
+ | *d, g > ð, ɣ / _# | ||
+ | *kn > xn | ||
+ | *e > ə (nieakc.) | ||
+ | *ē¹ > æː | ||
+ | *ē¹ > iæ /C_ (akc.) | ||
+ | *ē² > ie / C_ (akc.) | ||
+ | *ē > a / _# | ||
+ | *Ṽ > Vn / _C | ||
+ | *ô > ∅ + wzdł. zast. | ||
+ | *ê > e? | ||
+ | *ō > uo, ou / C_C (akc.) | ||
+ | *ō > a, u, ∅ / _# / C_C (nieakc.) | ||
+ | *ī > ij / _C | ||
+ | *ī > i, e /_# | ||
+ | *au > ō, ou (jako wzdł. zast.) | ||
+ | *ai > ǣ / _Ci | ||
+ | *ai > ī, ē | ||
+ | *eu > ø, ø̄ | ||
+ | *iu > æu | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br>'''Umlaut''':</br> | ||
+ | *a > æ | ||
+ | *o > ø | ||
+ | *u > y | ||
+ | *ōCj > øuC | ||
+ | *ACj > EiC | ||
+ | |||
= Morfologia = | = Morfologia = | ||
== Rzeczownik == | == Rzeczownik == | ||
=== Deklinacja === | === Deklinacja === | ||
==== Deklinacja I ==== | ==== Deklinacja I ==== | ||
− | ''' | + | '''olf''' - wilk |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Linia 145: | Linia 186: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | olf |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | olf'''ar''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | olf'''as''' |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | olf'''on''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | olf'''er''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | olf'''e''' |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | olf'''am''' |
|} | |} | ||
− | ''' | + | '''sœrch''' - chmura |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Linia 172: | Linia 213: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sœrch |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''a''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''as''' |
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''on''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''er''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''e''' |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | sœrch'''am''' |
|} | |} | ||
Linia 200: | Linia 241: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| style="text-align: center;" | ira | | style="text-align: center;" | ira | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ir'''ar''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ir'''ar''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
| ir'''an''' | | ir'''an''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | ir'''as''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ir'''as''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ir'''on''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ir'''on''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | ir'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ir'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | ir'''e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ir'''e''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | ir'''am''' | | style="text-align: center;" | ir'''am''' | ||
Linia 229: | Linia 270: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| style="text-align: center;" | gæst | | style="text-align: center;" | gæst | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''ir''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''ir''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
| gæst'''in''' | | gæst'''in''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''is''' | | style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''is''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''on''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''on''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''im''' | | style="text-align: center;" | gæst'''im''' | ||
Linia 257: | Linia 298: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær'''i''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær'''i''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | mær'''is''' | | style="text-align: center;" | mær'''is''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær'''on''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mær'''on''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | mær'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | mær'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | mær'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | mær'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | mær'''im''' | | style="text-align: center;" | mær'''im''' | ||
Linia 284: | Linia 325: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sunn | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sunn | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | synn'''ir''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | synn'''ir''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''os''' | | style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''os''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | synn'''on''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | synn'''on''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | synn'''e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | synn'''e''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''um''' | | style="text-align: center;" | sunn'''um''' | ||
Linia 314: | Linia 355: | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | PL | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | PL | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | lijþ | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | lijþ | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''u''') | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''u''') | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''os''' | | style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''os''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''on''') | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''on''') | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | lijþ'''e''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''um''') | | style="text-align: center;" | (lijþ'''um''') | ||
Linia 339: | Linia 380: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| style="text-align: center;" | amme | | style="text-align: center;" | amme | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | amm'''an''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | amm'''an''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
| amm'''an''' | | amm'''an''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | æmm'''in''' | | style="text-align: center;" | æmm'''in''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | amm'''on''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | amm'''on''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | amm'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | amm'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | æmm'''in''' | | style="text-align: center;" | æmm'''in''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | amm'''am''' | | style="text-align: center;" | amm'''am''' | ||
Linia 366: | Linia 407: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | name | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | name | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | nam'''na''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | nam'''na''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | næm'''in''' | | style="text-align: center;" | næm'''in''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | nam'''non''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | nam'''non''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | nam'''ner''' | | style="text-align: center;" | nam'''ner''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | næm'''in''' | | style="text-align: center;" | næm'''in''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | nam'''nam''' | | style="text-align: center;" | nam'''nam''' | ||
Linia 394: | Linia 435: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| style="text-align: center;" | tugna | | style="text-align: center;" | tugna | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''an''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''an''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
| rowspan="2" | tugn'''an''' | | rowspan="2" | tugn'''an''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''ana''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''ana''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''er''' | | style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''er''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''an''' | | style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''an''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''am''' | | style="text-align: center;" | tugn'''am''' | ||
Linia 422: | Linia 463: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | muodar | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | muodar | ||
− | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | | + | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | mœ̄d'''rir''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | muod'''ars''' | | style="text-align: center;" | muod'''ars''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | muod'''ron''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | muod'''ron''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | muod'''rer''' | | style="text-align: center;" | muod'''rer''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
− | | style="text-align: center;" | | + | | style="text-align: center;" | mœ̄d'''r''' |
| style="text-align: center;" | muod'''rum''' | | style="text-align: center;" | muod'''rum''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Linia 448: | Linia 489: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Cas. | ||
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. |
− | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | lamm | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | lamm | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | læmm'''ir''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | læmm'''ir''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. |
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. |
| style="text-align: center;" | læm'''ris''' | | style="text-align: center;" | læm'''ris''' | ||
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | læm'''ron''' | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | læm'''ron''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. |
| style="text-align: center;" | lam'''rer''' | | style="text-align: center;" | lam'''rer''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | | + | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. |
| style="text-align: center;" | læmm'''ir''' | | style="text-align: center;" | læmm'''ir''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | læm'''rum''' | | style="text-align: center;" | læm'''rum''' | ||
Linia 470: | Linia 511: | ||
== Zaimek == | == Zaimek == | ||
+ | === Zaimki główne === | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | du. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | ech | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | œt | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | vēr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | mech | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ūs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | mer | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | me | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | du. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þu | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jut | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jūr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þech | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | jer | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þer | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þe | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | ir | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | it | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | sē | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þa, þæ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | ina(n) | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þan | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | er | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | erer | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | ime | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | era | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þam | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Zaimki dzierżawcze === | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="11" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | rodzaj męski | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 1 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 2 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | sg. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | 3 os. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | pl. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | min | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | ūr | ||
+ | ! rowspan="5" | | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þin | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jēr | ||
+ | ! rowspan="5" | | ||
+ | | rowspan="5" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | es | ||
+ | | rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | erar | ||
+ | | rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | þara | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | minan | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | uran | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þinan | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jeran | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | min(a)s | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | ur(a)s | ||
+ | | þin(a)s | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jer(a)s | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | miner | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | urer | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þiner | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jerer | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | minam | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | uram | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | þinam | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jeram | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Zaimki wskazujące === | ||
== Przymiotnik == | == Przymiotnik == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Przymiotniki w języku newskim kontynuują w większości wzór deklinacji mocnej. Według deklinacji słabej odmieniają się jedynie przymiotniki w stopniu wyższym. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''blinn''' - ślepy | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" style="text-align: center; "font-weight:bold;" | deklinacja mocna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | SG | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | blinn | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''a''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''an''' | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | blinn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''as''' | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | blind'''ra''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''er''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''am''' | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | blind'''ra''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | PL | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; style="font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''e''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''ern''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''ana''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | blinn'''am''' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''jyvir''' - młodszy | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! colspan="4" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | deklinacja słaba | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | SG | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''a''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''an''' | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jyvir | ||
+ | | style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''an''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''es''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''ner''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''n''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | PL | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | m. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | n. | ||
+ | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | f. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Nom. | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''an''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Acc. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Gen. | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''non''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Ptv. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! style="font-weight:bold;" | Dat. | ||
+ | | colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | jyvir'''am''' | ||
+ | |} |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 23:32, 20 sie 2019
Język newski neviska tugna | |
---|---|
Sposoby zapisu: | Łacińskie |
Typologia: | Fleksyjny SVO |
Faktycznie | |
Utworzenie: | Caraig w 2018 |
Używany w : | brak |
Klasyfikacja: | j. indoeuropejskie
|
Lista conlangów |
Zobacz też słownik tego języka. |
Język newski (new. neviska tugna /ˈneːvɪskɑ ˈtuɲːɑ/) - język indoeuropejski z grupy języków germańskich, z podgrupy bałtogermańskiej. Używany jest (wg althistu) na terenie Przesmyku Karelskiego. Charakteryzuje go duża ilość zapożyczeń leksykalnych i składniowych z języków bałtycko-fińskich.
Dźwięki
Samogłoski
Typ | Przednie | Centralne | Tylne | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
niezaokr. | zaokr. | niezaokr. | zaokr. | ||
Przymknięte | i~ɪ iː | y~ʏ yː | u~ʊ uː | ||
Półprzymknięte | eː | øː | oː | ||
Średnie | ə | ||||
Półotwarte | ɛ | œ | ɔ | ||
Otwarte | æ æː | ɑ ɑː |
Spółgłoski
wargowe | zębowe | dziąsłowe | podniebienne | języczkowe | krtaniowe | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nosowe | m | n | ɲ ⟨gn⟩ | (ŋ) ⟨ng⟩ | ||
zwarte | p b | t d | k g | |||
szczelinowe | f v | θ ð ⟨þ d⟩ | s (z) | x ɣ ⟨h/ch g⟩ | h | |
aproksymanty | ʋ~w ⟨w⟩ | j | ||||
boczne | l | |||||
drżące | r |
Procesy fonetyczne
PG > newski
- ŋ > ɲ(ː) / V_V
- ŋ > jn~jɲ / _#
- xʷ > v / #_
- Vxʷ > V̄w
- x > h / #_
- w > ∅ / #_
- w > v / #_E
- w > v / V_V
- mb, nd > mm, nn > jm, jn
- dd, gg > ðː, ɣː
- -jj- > -ðʲ-
- -ww- > -vl-
- d, g > ð, ɣ / _#
- kn > xn
- e > ə (nieakc.)
- ē¹ > æː
- ē¹ > iæ /C_ (akc.)
- ē² > ie / C_ (akc.)
- ē > a / _#
- Ṽ > Vn / _C
- ô > ∅ + wzdł. zast.
- ê > e?
- ō > uo, ou / C_C (akc.)
- ō > a, u, ∅ / _# / C_C (nieakc.)
- ī > ij / _C
- ī > i, e /_#
- au > ō, ou (jako wzdł. zast.)
- ai > ǣ / _Ci
- ai > ī, ē
- eu > ø, ø̄
- iu > æu
Umlaut:
- a > æ
- o > ø
- u > y
- ōCj > øuC
- ACj > EiC
Morfologia
Rzeczownik
Deklinacja
Deklinacja I
olf - wilk
a-temat, m | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | olf | olfar |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | olfas | olfon |
Ptv. | olfer | |
Dat. | olfe | olfam |
sœrch - chmura
a-temat, n | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | sœrch | sœrcha |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | sœrchas | sœrchon |
Ptv. | sœrcher | |
Dat. | sœrche | sœrcham |
Deklinacja II
ira - wiosło
ī/ijō-, ō-temat, f | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | ira | irar |
Acc. | iran | |
Gen. | iras | iron |
Ptv. | irer | |
Dat. | ire | iram |
Deklinacja III
gæst - gość
i-temat, m/f | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | gæst | gæstir |
Acc. | gæstin | |
Gen. | gæstis | gæston |
Ptv. | gæster | |
Dat. | gæsti | gæstim |
mær - morze
i-temat, n | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | mær | mæri |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | mæris | mæron |
Ptv. | mærer | |
Dat. | mæri | mærim |
Deklinacja IV
sunn - syn
u-temat, m | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | sunn | synnir |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | sunnos | synnon |
Ptv. | sunner | |
Dat. | synne | sunnum |
lijþ - cydr
u-temat, n | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | SG | PL |
Nom. | lijþ | (lijþu) |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | lijþos | (lijþon) |
Ptv. | lijþer | |
Dat. | lijþe | (lijþum) |
Deklinacja V
amme - brzuch
an-temat, m | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | amme | amman |
Acc. | amman | |
Gen. | æmmin | ammon |
Ptv. | ammer | |
Dat. | æmmin | ammam |
name - imię
an-temat, n | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | name | namna |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | næmin | namnon |
Ptv. | namner | |
Dat. | næmin | namnam |
Deklinacja VI
tugna - język
ōn-, īn-temat, f | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | tugna | tugnan |
Acc. | tugnan | |
Gen. | tugnana | |
Ptv. | tugner | |
Dat. | tugnan | tugnam |
Deklinacja VII
muodar - matka
r-temat | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | muodar | mœ̄drir |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | muodars | muodron |
Ptv. | muodrer | |
Dat. | mœ̄dr | muodrum |
lamm - owca
z-temat | ||
---|---|---|
Cas. | sg. | pl. |
Nom. | lamm | læmmir |
Acc. | ||
Gen. | læmris | læmron |
Ptv. | lamrer | |
Dat. | læmmir | læmrum |
Zaimek
Zaimki główne
1 os. | sg. | du. | pl. |
---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ech | œt | vēr |
Acc. | mech | ūs | |
Ptv. | mer | ||
Dat. | me | ||
2 os. | sg. | du. | pl. |
Nom. | þu | jut | jūr |
Acc. | þech | jer | |
Ptv. | þer | ||
Dat. | þe |
3 os. | m. | n. | f. | pl. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ir | it | sē | þa, þæ |
Acc. | ina(n) | þan | ||
Ptv. | er | erer | þar | |
Dat. | ime | era | þam |
Zaimki dzierżawcze
rodzaj męski | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 os. | sg. | pl. | 2 os. | sg. | pl. | 3 os. | m. | n. | f. | pl. |
Nom. | min | ūr | þin | jēr | es | erar | þara | |||
Acc. | minan | uran | þinan | jeran | ||||||
Gen. | min(a)s | ur(a)s | þin(a)s | jer(a)s | ||||||
Ptv. | miner | urer | þiner | jerer | ||||||
Dat. | minam | uram | þinam | jeram |
Zaimki wskazujące
Przymiotnik
Przymiotniki w języku newskim kontynuują w większości wzór deklinacji mocnej. Według deklinacji słabej odmieniają się jedynie przymiotniki w stopniu wyższym.
blinn - ślepy
deklinacja mocna | |||
---|---|---|---|
SG | m. | n. | f. |
Nom. | blinn | blinna | |
Acc. | blinnan | blinn | |
Gen. | blinnas | blindra | |
Ptv. | blinner | ||
Dat. | blinnam | blindra | |
PL | m. | n. | f. |
Nom. | blinne | ||
Acc. | |||
Gen. | blinnern | ||
Ptv. | blinnana | ||
Dat. | blinnam |
jyvir - młodszy
deklinacja słaba | |||
---|---|---|---|
SG | m. | n. | f. |
Nom. | jyvir | jyvira | |
Acc. | jyviran | jyvir | jyviran |
Gen. | jyvires | ||
Ptv. | jyvirner | ||
Dat. | jyvirn | ||
PL | m. | n. | f. |
Nom. | jyviran | ||
Acc. | |||
Gen. | jyvirnon | ||
Ptv. | |||
Dat. | jyviram |