Dźwięki
Samogłoski
- i u (i u)
- ɛ ɔ (e o)
- a (a)
Spółgłoski
- m n (m n)
- p b t d k g (p b t d k g)
- s h (s h)
- w l r j (w l r i)
Akcent
Akcent jest stały pod względem morfologicznym.
Zmiany dźwiękowe
- h₁V, Vh₁ > a, ā
- h₂V, Vh₂ > a, ā
- h₃V, Vh₃ > o, ō
- VH > V̄
- o, e > a, i
- r̥, l̥ > ir, il
- m̥, n̥ > am, an
- ī, ū > ai, au
- ē, ō > e, o
- ā > a
- bʰ, dʰ, gʰ > b, d, g
- ḱ, ǵ > k, g
- kʷ, gʷ > k, g
- s- > h-
- SC- > iSC
- st-, sk- > s
- dt, tt > ss
- -r- > -l-
- sr > r
- sw > w
- k, t _R, _N, _W > s
- wr- > r-
- k, t, g, d _C > s
- p, b _C > ∅
- iu, eu > u
- ei > ai
- ou > au
Gramatyka
Zaimek
I i II osoba
| Cas.
|
I
|
II
|
Refl.
|
| Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
am
|
wai
|
tau
|
iau
|
|
| Gen.
|
mini
|
anas
|
tibas
|
usas
|
hini
|
| Dat.
|
miga
|
anai
|
tiba
|
usai
|
higa
|
| Acc.
|
mi
|
ani
|
te
|
usi
|
si
|
| Ins.
|
ma
|
ana
|
ta
|
usa
|
ha
|
| Loc.
|
mai
|
ani
|
tai
|
usi
|
hai
|
III osoba
| Cas.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Nom.
|
ta
|
hai
|
ha
|
tai
|
| Gen.
|
tas
|
has
|
has
|
tom
|
| Dat.
|
tai
|
he
|
hai
|
tamas
|
| Acc.
|
tam
|
ham
|
ha
|
tas
|
| Ins.
|
tai
|
ha
|
hai
|
tais
|
| Loc.
|
to
|
ha
|
ho
|
tais
|
Rzeczownik
Deklinacja I
| Cas
|
a
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Sg.
|
| Nom.
|
parsa
|
barsa
|
tana
|
| Gen.
|
parsas
|
barsas
|
tanas
|
| Dat.
|
parsai
|
barse
|
tanai
|
| Acc.
|
parsam
|
barsam
|
tana
|
| Loc.
|
parsai
|
barsa
|
tanai
|
| Ins.
|
parso
|
barsa
|
tano
|
| Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
parsai
|
barsas
|
tanas
|
| Gen.
|
parsom
|
barsam
|
tanam
|
| Dat.
|
parsamas
|
barsamas
|
tanamas
|
| Acc.
|
parsas
|
barsas
|
tanas
|
| Loc.
|
parsais
|
barsas
|
tanas
|
| Ins.
|
parsais
|
barsab
|
tanab
|
Deklinacja II
| Cas
|
i
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Sg.
|
| Nom.
|
rugi
|
awi
|
lusi
|
| Gen.
|
rugais
|
awis
|
lusais
|
| Dat.
|
rugai
|
awai
|
lusai
|
| Acc.
|
rugim
|
awim
|
lusi
|
| Loc.
|
rugai
|
awi
|
lusai
|
| Ins.
|
rugai
|
awai
|
lusai
|
| Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
rugais
|
awais
|
lusia
|
| Gen.
|
rugaim
|
awaim
|
lusaim
|
| Dat.
|
rugimas
|
awimas
|
lusimas
|
| Acc.
|
rugis
|
awis
|
lusia
|
| Loc.
|
rugis
|
awisu
|
lusisu
|
| Ins.
|
rugib
|
awib
|
lusib
|
Deklinacja III
| Cas
|
u
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Sg.
|
| Nom.
|
saunu
|
nau
|
isu
|
| Gen.
|
saunaus
|
naes
|
isaus
|
| Dat.
|
saunai
|
naai
|
isai
|
| Acc.
|
saunum
|
naum
|
isu
|
| Loc.
|
saunu
|
naai
|
isu
|
| Ins.
|
saune
|
nae
|
ise
|
| Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
saunes
|
naes
|
ises
|
| Gen.
|
saunem
|
naem
|
isem
|
| Dat.
|
saunumas
|
naumas
|
isumas
|
| Acc.
|
saunus
|
naus
|
ises
|
| Loc.
|
saunusu
|
nausu
|
isusu
|
| Ins.
|
saunub
|
naub
|
isub
|
Deklinacja IV
| Cas
|
C
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Sg.
|
| Nom.
|
uksens
|
gans
|
as
|
| Gen.
|
uksnas
|
ganas
|
asas
|
| Dat.
|
uksnai
|
ganai
|
asai
|
| Acc.
|
uksnam
|
ganam
|
as
|
| Loc.
|
uksni
|
gani
|
asisi
|
| Ins.
|
uksna
|
gana
|
asa
|
| Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
uksnes
|
ganes
|
asa
|
| Gen.
|
uksnom
|
ganom
|
asom
|
| Dat.
|
uksnmas
|
ganmas
|
asmas
|
| Acc.
|
uksnas
|
ganas
|
asa
|
| Loc.
|
uksnasu
|
ganasu
|
asasu
|
| Ins.
|
uksnab
|
ganab
|
asab
|
Deklinacja V
| Cas
|
V
|
| m
|
f
|
n
|
| Sg.
|
| Nom.
|
nitau
|
nitai
|
re
|
| Gen.
|
nitus
|
nitias
|
res
|
| Dat.
|
nituai
|
nitiai
|
reai
|
| Acc.
|
nitaum
|
nitaim
|
re
|
| Loc.
|
nituai
|
nitiai
|
reai
|
| Ins.
|
nitua
|
nitia
|
rea
|
| Pl.
|
| Nom.
|
nitues
|
nities
|
rea
|
| Gen.
|
nituem
|
nitiem
|
reem
|
| Dat.
|
nitumas
|
nitiamas
|
remas
|
| Acc.
|
nitaus
|
nitais
|
rea
|
| Loc.
|
nitusu
|
nitiasu
|
resu
|
| Ins.
|
nitub
|
nitiab
|
reb
|
Czasownik
Koniugacja czasowa
| Coni.
|
V
|
C
|
V
|
być
|
| Prs.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
bira
|
birimas
|
waida
|
waismas
|
tilna
|
tilnamas
|
asmi
|
asmas
|
| II
|
birisi
|
biriti
|
waissi
|
waissi
|
tilnasi
|
tilnati
|
asi
|
asti
|
| III
|
biri
|
birant
|
waide
|
waidant
|
tilna
|
tilnant
|
asti
|
sinti
|
| Imp.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
biram
|
birami
|
waidam
|
waidami
|
tilnam
|
tilnami
|
asam
|
asmi
|
| II
|
biras
|
birati
|
waidas
|
waidati
|
tilnas
|
tilnati
|
as
|
asti
|
| III
|
birat
|
biraint
|
waidat
|
waidint
|
tilnat
|
tilnaint
|
ast
|
hint
|
| Aor.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
birisam
|
birisami
|
waissam
|
waissami
|
tilnasam
|
tilnasami
|
assam
|
asami
|
| II
|
birisis
|
birisiti
|
waissis
|
waissiti
|
tilnasis
|
tilnasiti
|
assis
|
assiti
|
| III
|
birisit
|
birisant
|
waissit
|
waissant
|
tilnasit
|
tilnasant
|
assit
|
assant
|
| Fut.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
birisaim
|
birisaimi
|
waissaim
|
waissaimi
|
tilnasaim
|
tilnasaimi
|
assaim
|
assaimi
|
| II
|
birisais
|
birisaiti
|
waissais
|
waissaiti
|
tilnasais
|
tilnasaiti
|
assais
|
assaiti
|
| III
|
birisai
|
birisaiant
|
waissai
|
waissaiant
|
tilnasai
|
tilnasaiant
|
assai
|
assaiant
|
| Imperativ.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
bira
|
birimas
|
waida
|
waismas
|
tilna
|
tilnamas
|
asmi
|
asmas
|
| II
|
biri
|
biriti
|
waidi
|
waissi
|
tilna
|
tilnati
|
asi
|
sti
|
| III
|
biritu
|
biritistu
|
wassu
|
waidantu
|
tilnatu
|
tilnantu
|
istu
|
sintu
|
| Subj.
|
| Prs.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
Sg.
|
Pl.
|
| I
|
biro
|
biromas
|
waido
|
waidomas
|
tilnao
|
tilnaomas
|
aso
|
asomas
|
| II
|
biresi
|
bireti
|
waidesi
|
waideti
|
tilnaesi
|
tilnaeti
|
asesi
|
aseti
|
| III
|
bireti
|
bironti
|
waideti
|
waidonti
|
tilnaeti
|
tilnaonti
|
aseti
|
asonti
|
| V. Nom.
|
| Mod.
|
Acc
|
Pas.
|
Acc
|
Pas.
|
Acc
|
Pas.
|
Acc
|
Pas.
|
| Part. Adj.
|
biranta
|
birama
|
waidanta
|
waidama
|
tilnanta
|
tilnama
|
hanta
|
–
|
| Part. Adv.
|
biran
|
birit
|
waidan
|
waist
|
tilnan
|
tilnat
|
han
|
–
|
| Inf.
|
| Act.
|
biriti
|
waissi
|
tilnati
|
assi
|
| Pass.
|
biritu
|
waissu
|
tilnatu
|
–
|
